5 - Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. Conversion is generally considered to be a derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class, without the addition of an affix. Hence the name zero-derivation.

转换是形成新词的转换一类的话到另一个阶级。自话不改变在形态结构，但在功能，这个过程也称为功能性转变。转换被普遍认为是一个派生过程，一个项目是调整或转换到一个新的世界一流，但除了一个词缀。因而得名零派生。

6 - Many simple nouns convened from verbs can be used with have, take, make, give etc. to form phrases to replace the verb or denote a brief action. Words like hand-out, stand-by, lay-by, teach-in, shut-down are all converted from phrasal verbs.

许多简单的名词召开动词可用于已采取，制造，给予等形式的短语来代替动词或指简短行动。等词语手了，备用，避车处，教中，关闭都转为短语动词。

7 - Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.

Words fully converted. A noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. It can take an indefinite article or - (e)s to indicate singular or plural number.

Words partially converted. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with definite articles.

与动词，形容词而不是所有的转换才能实现全面名词地位。有些是完全转换，从而被称为完全的转换，其他人只是部分转换，从而部分转换。

话完全转换。名词完全转换了一个形容词的所有特点名词。它可以采取一个不定冠词或- （五） s到表