拉尔夫老师整理的新概念第二册英语笔记第69课 课文讲解和单词讲义,以及课后要点。

例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.

可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.

可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

可改为The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

Mother never lets me watch TV .

改为I am never let to watch TV by mother.

4) 在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个

时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。

After having been instructed to drive out of the town, I began to acquire confidence.

在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。

The man called the police after being robbed.

那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话

He killed a child before being arrested

他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子

On/After being told that her mother was seriously, she hurried back to England.

她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。

被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。

练习：

a) 用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。

1. Many stars can _____ (see) at night.

2. The report is _____ (write) by one of the best students.

3. Upon _____ (rob), the man called the police at once.

4. He killed a child before _____ (arrest).

5. On _____ (tell) that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.

6. She was sent abroad to _____ (train).

7. The huge bridge _____ (damage) before the World WarⅡ.

8. He _____ (hear) to move about in her room upstairs last night.

9. After _____ (cheat) by a client, he changed his way of doing business.

10. The driver must _____ (punish) by the police, he looked so unhappy.

二 过去进行时was almost beginning

1 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，at this（that） time， yesterday，at nine，last night等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示

Eg: What were you doing at nine last night？

昨晚九点时，你在做什么？

Eg: I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.

昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。

Eg: I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.