学术英语综合第三单元练习答案

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Unit Three Two Ways of Looking at LifeLead-in: Task 1. brain functioning 2. the unconscious mind 3. mental health problems 4.The majority of psychologists 5.industrial and organizational

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Critical reading and thinking Task1/ Overview 1 1) The father calls her name but her eyes don't move. Then he picks up a toy and shakes it, ringing the bell it contains. Still, the baby's eyes don't move. Thus he concludes that she doesn't seem to respond to noise at all, that she is deaf. His worry is not well-grounded because it is a newborn baby and her attention to sound may take some time to develop. 2) The mother remains calm and composed towards the father's anxiety. She comforts him by saying that it is too soon to say a thing like that.Then she takes a baby book from the shelf and reads to him what is said in the book. Besides, she makes an appointment with a pediatrician for a test.

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2.Pessimists How they view bad events, defeats, etc.Bad things will last for a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault.

OptimistsDefeat is just a temporary setback; defeat is not their fault; a bad situation is a challenge.

Different consequences brought by different approaches

Give up more easily and get depressed more often

Do much better in school and at work; more apt to be elected when running for office; age well and live longer

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Task 2 Points for discussion 1. If an optimist gets a promotion, he will likely believe it's because he is good at his job and receives more benefits and promotion in the future. When he gets passed over for the promotion, he will believe it's likely because of extenuating circumstances and do better in the future. By contrast a pessimist would see a promotion as a lucky event that probably won't happen again, and may even worry that he'll now be under more scrutiny. Being passed over for promotion would probably be explained as not being skilled enough. He'd therefore expect to be passed over again.

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2. I think optimistic patterns of thinking can be learned to a degree, although we tend to be mostly predisposed to our patterns of thinking. The key to optimistic thought pattern is to maximize our successes and minimize our failures. While it is beneficial to look honestly at our shortcomings so we can work on them, focusing on our strengths can never hurt. Also, remember that virtually any failure can be a learning experience, and an important step toward our next success. Always keep in mind that the more we practice challenging our thought patterns, the more automatic it'll become.

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Language building-up Task 1/Collocation1.充满敬畏与感激 2.与外部世界隔离 3.陷入绝望 4.易感抑郁 5.恢复体能 6.界定性特征 7.暂时的挫折 8.不因挫败而慌乱 9.竞选职务 10.吹着欢快的曲子 1.bout 2.validated 3.squabble 4.aptitude 5.platitude 6.debilitate 7.reassuring 8.undermine 9.ruminate 10.martial

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Task 2 Signpost language 1. contrastin

g 2. In contrast 3. However 4. different 5. on the other hand 6. in the opposite way 7. however

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Task 3/Formal English1. full of 2. is (immediately) alert and energetic 3. keeping thinking about 4. been deeply involved in a sense of hopelessness 5. likely to suffer from 6. not easily disturbed 7. murmuring about commonplace remarks 8. officially approved

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Listening Task 1 1. Personality is a person's consistent thoughts,feelings, and behaviors that do not change throughout their life. 2. 1)consistency 2)nature/ nurture 3. 2) We change the environment or the people around us 3) We are able to do both. (or: We change ourselves and the environment or the people around us.)

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Task 2 1. introvert; extrovert; we can't control; we're raised; around us 2. dark side; go underground; unconsciously