高阻尼聚氨酯弹性体的研究

河北工业大学硕士学位论文高阻尼聚氨酯弹性体的研究

姓名：刘会强申请学位级别：硕士专业：化学工艺指导教师：李彦涛

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河北工业大学硕士学位论文

高阻尼聚氨酯弹性体的研究

摘 要

阻尼材料的发展始于20世纪50年代，是一种能吸收振动机械能并将之转化为热能而耗散的新型功能材料。高分子阻尼材料具有阻尼温域宽、阻尼因子高的特点。聚氨酯(PU)作为阻尼材料的优势在于可以通过调节软硬段的比例而获得宽温域、高性能的阻尼材料。常用的提高阻尼性能的方法主要有两类:一是改变高聚物的大分子结构。通过接枝、嵌段等方法来改变分子链的刚性结构，调节主链与侧链上刚性链与柔性链的不同配比；二是互穿聚合物网络(IPN)技术，可以通过网络互穿和链缠绕效应有效地控制高分子共混物组分间的相容性，拓宽阻尼温域。但是，互穿网络技术合成的PU弹性体强度太低，不能用于需要强度较高的领域。

本文广泛的研究了聚酯型、聚醚型等不同类型的PU弹性体的阻尼性能和力学性能。并且用自制的侧基含量较高的聚酯二醇合成了PU阻尼材料，进一步考察了硫化温度、硬段、扩链剂、频率对自制聚酯二醇PU弹性体性能的影响。采用嵌段、接枝的方法改善其性能，调整PU弹性体tanδ>0.3的有效阻尼温域范围。

实验结果表明：添加自制软化剂后，用样品1制备的聚氨酯弹性体的阻尼温域明显向低温移动，tanδ>0.3的温域基本涵盖室温应用领域。随着接枝率的提高，聚氨酯弹性体的阻尼性能明显提高，同时力学性能降低，当接枝率为10%时，PU弹性体的综合力学性能较好。

关键词：PU弹性体，阻尼性能，力学性能，嵌段，接枝

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高阻尼聚氨酯弹性体的研究

THE RESEARCH ON HIGH DAMPING POLYURETHANE ELASTOMER

ABSTRACT

The development of damping materials was began in 1950s,when they were used in sound and vibrationg damping areas.Damping materials were novel functional materials that were efficient in converting sound and mechanical vibration energy into heat that resulted in absorption. Polyurethanes were particularly attractive for a study of the effect of chemical structure on damping because it was possible to change their glass transitions over a wide range of temperature by transform of the ratio of hard and soft segments.There were two metheods which were always been used to improve the damping properties of polyurethanes. One of the major methods was to design macromolecular polymer structure. Another one was IPN technique. However,the PU elastomer synthesized by IPN technique had low intensity,that can not be used for high-intensity areas.

In this paper,the damping properties and mechanical properties of many kind of PU elastomer had been studied such as polyester PU elastomer,polyether PU elastomer and so on.Self-made sample was selected to synthesized PU elastomer and we have studied the effect of curing temperature，hard segment，chain extender and frequency on the damping properties and mechanical properties of the PU elastomer. Block and grafting methods were used to improve the properties of PU elastomer and adjust the temperature range at tanδ>0.3 .

The results showed that:After sample 1 were mixed with self-made softener, the damping temperature domain of PU elastomer moving to the low-temperature clearly so that it covers the room temperature range. With the increase of grafting-rate, the damping properties of PU elastomer was improved obviously, at the same time the mechanical properties of PU elastomer decreased.When the grafting-rate was 10%, the integrated Performance of PU elastomer is better.

KEY WORDS: PU elastomer,damping properties,mechanical properties, block, grafting

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河北工业大学硕士学位论文

第一章 绪论

§1-1 前言

随着现代工业的发展，振动工具和产生强烈振动的大功率机械不断增多，各种机械设备在运转及工作过程中带来的振动危害也日益严重。在日常生活中，这类振动和噪声会危害人体健康，给人们的生活和工作带来极大影响。在工程中，振动和噪声带来的宽频带随机激振会引起结构的多共振峰响应，直接影响电子器件、仪器和仪表的正常工作，严重时造成灾难性后果。在军事中，武器装备和飞行器的发展日趋高速化和大功率化，各种飞行器在飞行过程中受到发动机和高速气流的激励，由于振动和谐动响应而产生的结构疲劳是十分严重的。潜艇和气垫船受到发动机的激励，产生的高分贝噪声将严重影响战斗力。采用高阻尼材料或阻尼结构进行减振降噪成已为解决上述问题十分有效的手段之一。另外，我 …… 此处隐藏：17243字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……