45. According to the passage __________.

A. it is very expensive to buy super-technology

B. it costs a lot to deal with the problems of pollution and inflation

C. the technologically advanced countries are richer than other countries

D. both pollution and inflation are caused by modern technology

Passage Three

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.

Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen.

Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.

“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement”

On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers. According to the research, shopper who purchased clothing encountered the most problem. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.

The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves over loaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.

During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.

Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer question.

Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.

“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”

Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.

46. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?

A．Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.

B．Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.

C．Few customers believe the service will be improved

D．Customers have no easy access to store managers

47. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “... the shopper must also find a replacement” (Paragraph 4, Line 2)

A．New customers are bound to replace old ones.

B．Not complaining to the manager cause the shopper some trouble too.

C．Most stores provide the same kind of service.

D．It is not likely the shopper can find the same products on other stores.

48. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shopper___.

A．won’t have trouble parking their cars

B．can stay longer browsing in the store

C．won’t have any worries about security

D．can find their cars easily after shopping

49. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?

A．Huge supply of goods for sale

B．Hiring of efficient employees

C．Manners of the salespeople

D．Design of store layout