unit 16 Sustainable Development in Tourism

Unit 16 Sustainable Development in Tourism旅游(业)的可持续发展

Sustainable Development: According to Bruntland Report, sustainable development is: “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.Note: Bruntland Report of 1987: a work ,named “Our Common Future”, created by the World Commission of Environment and Development(1987年联合国世界环境与发展委员会，在主席布伦特兰 (Bruntland)的主持 下，对可持续发展定义为“既满足当代人的需要，又不对满足后代人的需 要 的能力构成危害”。)

Sustainable Development Principles: Four basic principles are crucial to the concept of sustainability:The idea of holistic planning, cross-sectoral planning and strategy making The importance of preserving essential ecological processes The need to protect both human heritage and biodiversity The requirement that development should be carried out so that productivity does not deplete resources for the long term and future generations

1. 2. 3. 4.

Sustainable Development Concept of sustainable development provokes groups at different levels to set a wide spectrum of goals and then to reconcile them. “It is this reconciliation or trade-offs implicit in sustainable development that has inspired much useful work since the early 1980s…(amounting) to a new renaissance in thinking in social welfare and development issues.” (Holmberg & Sandbrook, 1992)

Sustainable Development in Tourism: According to “ Charter for Sustainable Tourism” , a declaration released by the world conference on “Sustainable Tourism” on Lanzarote in 1995, sustainability for tourism entails: “Tourism development shall be based on criteria of sustainability, which means that it must be ecologically bearable in the long term, economically viable, as well as ethically and socially equitable for the local communities.”

Sustainable Development in Tourism: 根据1995年举行的兰泽洛特(岛)世界“可持续旅游”研 讨会上各与会代表国签署的宣言“ 可持续性旅游宪章”, 旅游可持续性的内涵：

“旅游开发应当以可持续性标准为基础，这就是 说在长期内是生态上可承受的，在经济上是可行 的，在伦理和社会上对当地社区是公平的。”

Sustainable Development in Tourism: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Four main areas to be covered:The premises which sustainable development policy in tourism should be based on. The most critical areas of sustainable development as applied to tourism. How responsibility for sustainable development in tourism should be allocated. An agenda of suggested sustainable development actions for tourism sector.

Sustainable Development in Tourism:1. the premises : The interdependency between tourism and other social and economic activities: necessary to draw on the ideas and experience

of a broad range of fields. Whether the natural state is perferred to the developed state or not: still open to be discussed. The political factor: Sustainable for whom?

Sustainable Development in Tourism:2. areas to be considered: defining the relevant population/community defining the relevant sphere of interest and action defining the relevant responsibility concerning the environment, cultural identity, economic well-being, or social stability

Sustainable Development in Tourism:3. the allocation of responsibility : not a neat and tidy practice providing some guidelines as to: a. how the process might be conducted b. how the prime agents might be assigned to different areas of responsibility

Sustainable Development in Tourism:4. guidelines for an action agenda: the support of the majority of citizens affected by tourism development caring for the natural and built environment in a way that ensure their continuing viability and well-being the allocation of responsibility for the implementation of the agenda less demanding series of phased programs in desired directions rather than delaying action until long-term programs can be implemented

Factors of Sustainable Tourism Development :1. Ecological (environmental)sustainability 2. Social and cultural sustainability 3. Economic sustainabilityThe challenge is how to balance the sustainability of economic, cultural, social and environmental systems.

Relationship between the 3 FactorsThe “Ideal” Balance of Capacities in Three Systems:Maximize Goal Achievement across the 3 systems at one and the same time through an Adaptive Process of Trade-Offs.

Economic

Environmental

Socio-cultural

The more the 3 factors and goals converge, the more sustainable development becomes.

The Reality: Not possible to maximize all goals at the same time through an adaptive process of trade-offs. Conflict may exist between and among inter- and intra-system goals. As a result of values, choices are made as to which goals are more valuable and which should receive higher priority. As a result, different development strategies assign different priorities to the systems and their goals. Process of trade-offs among goals must be adaptive since relative priorities assigned to various goals change over time. Interactions among the different system goals change as the scale of the systems is extended from local to regional to national and to global.

Three Principles Provided by WTO:The WTO report recommends that tourism needs to be developed to satisfy three broad principles. 1. To improve the quality of life of the host community.2. To provide a high-quality experience for visitors. 3. To maintain the quality of environment on which both the host community and the visitors depend.

Characteristics of Sustainable Tourism: It tries its utmost to maintain the importance of local culture and traditions. It is in …… 此处隐藏：3780字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……