means多指抽象或概括性意义的“手段，方法”。by this means有这种方法

method着重为达到目的或解决问题而采取的有系统、有步骤的方法，着重方法的准确有效。with this method用这种方法

测试要点：

(1)at a distance稍远一点，at a distance of two miles在2英里的距离处，in the distance在远方。如：This oil-painting looks beautiful at a distance .这幅油画站稍远一点看很好看。

In the dark night , we could a light in the distance at sea .在漆黑的夜晚，我们在海上能看到远处的灯光。

(2)distance的形容词是distant

(3)What is the distance from…to …?哪离哪有多远？

(4)make a long distance call打长途电话

C.单元重点词组扫瞄

is a pleasure to do …很高兴地干……

you like me to do…?你想让我干……？

can manage it myself .我自己能解决。

sb with cooking a meal帮某人做饭

sb to the dining room领……去餐厅= lead sb to the dining-room

the shooping购物，买东西

oneself understood让别人理解自己 make oneself +过去分词“让自己被明白”make sb do让某人干……

words（抽象的）凭借语言，in words口头上，with words用具体的语言，in deeds行动上

just不只是 You can go there not just by bus , but by train .到那里不仅可以坐汽车，还可以坐火车。

messages to sb向某人传递信息 With the help of satellites, we can send messages to other parts of the world .借助卫星，我们可以向世界其它地区传递信息。

A as B认为 / 承认A是B The police accepted the story as true .警方认为这事是真的。

These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meaning .这些手势和姿态对说汉语的人和说英语的人都是一样的意思。

…for example以……为榜样，take…as an example以……为榜样

Take water for example , it is made up of two gases──hydrogen and oxygen .以水为例，它是由氢和氧两种气体组成的。

Let’s take Lei Feng as a good example for all of us to follow .让我们把雷锋当作我们大家学习的好榜样。

hands握手，shake hands with sb = shake sb by the hand和某人握手

often than比……更经常 You watch TV more often than I .你看电视次数比我多。

research on从事……研究 = make research on

at指向，对准，point out指出，point to朝……指去 He pointed his gun at the thief .他把枪对准了小偷。

customs随俗 Foreigners should follow these customs.外国人应该遵守这些习俗。

up举起，抬起，支撑，耽误。He held up his hand to ask the teacher a question .

The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather .天气恶劣，新路的修筑受到延误。

close to靠近，接近The bus stop is close to our village .公共汽车站离我们村很近。

a certain distance away (from)与……保持一定的距离

with与……交流（通讯、联系） We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone .我们能够用电话同世界上的大部分地区联系。

in line 排队等候，wait in a long line排长队

one’s anger at / on对……发泄脾气

about / over为……烦恼，be worried about担忧……

day or two = one or two days一两天

It is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host .一两天后写信或打电话对东道主表示感谢是礼貌的。

D.大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南

and Responses（提供帮助和应答）

发现陌生人或不太熟悉的人有困难，一般用下列句子主动提供帮助。

Can I help you ?/ What can I do for you ?/ Is there anything I can do for you ?/ Do you want me to call you a doctor ?/ Let me carry the luggage for you . / Would you like some coffee ?

如果是熟悉的人或朋友，可直接问对方需要什么帮助。

Would you like me to get you a book ? / Do you want me to call you a taxi ? / If you don’t mind , I’ll go and buy them for you . / Here , take my umbrella .

不需要别人帮助时，还是得先表示谢意。

Please don’t worry . I can manage it myself . / Please don’t bother . / Thank you all the same . / No thanks . / Thank you all the same .

2. Model Dialogues（提供帮助和应答的交际示范）

Rose: Hi , Tom . You are carrying so many books .

Tom: Yes , they are very heavy .

Rose: Can I give you a hand ?

Tom: That’s very kind of you . I’m told you are busy these days .

Rose: Certainly , we’ll have our final exam .

Tom: What can I do for you then ? Can I help you with your English ?

Rose: Please don’t bother . Thanks a lot .

E.单元语法学习目标

不定式高考考什么？

动词不定式因其使用广泛，成为高考题中的热点。近五年高考（1995－）仅单项填空题中，答案要求用动词不定式的有13题。（有些题的答案虽非不定式，却考查了与不定式的搭配或区别。）

现根据其在句中的形式和作用分述如下：

一、否定形式（在to前加not或never）

patient was warned oily food after the operation .(96)

A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

二、完成形式 (to have + 过去分词）

1)表示发生在谓语动作（或状态）之前的动作或状态。

2)用在表示“希望”等含义的动词过去式后，表示未曾实现的计划等。

3)ought to have + 过去分词“本应该做，结果却未做”。

2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . (97)

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

is said abroad , but I don’t know what country he studied in . (99)

A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D . to have been studying

三、to的替代作用（承接上文，单独用to来代替整个动词不定式）

4.－I’ll be away on a business trip . Would you mind looking after my cat ? (95)

－Not at all . .

A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to

boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him .(95)

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

6.－Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ? (97)

－I , but I had an unexpected visitor .

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did

四、to的省略与否

doesn’t have to be made , he always works hard .(95)

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

五、句^v^能

A.作宾语

不定式与动名词作宾语比较，为高考中的重中之重，重复考查现象明显。

agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet . (95)

A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met

9.－You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . (95)

－Well , now I regret that .

A. to do B. to be done C. to have done D. having done

B.作宾补/主补（上文的考例1，5，7）

10.－Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls ?

－Yes . They have better players , so I them to win . (99)

A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want

C.作状语

11.－I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s . (99)

A. Oh , that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations

C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh , I’m glad to hear that

D.作表语

12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , it more difficult . (99)

A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make E.作表语

I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you ;will call later .” (99)

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

参考答案：1-5 CBBDA 6-10 CBCDB 11-13 DCD

二、学海导航

【学法指要】

用本单元所学的关键语汇从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

French was very poor , so he couldn’t make himself . But we made him us . That is , he was made all this .

A. understand ; understand ; to understand

B. to understand ; to understand ; understand

C. understanding ; understanding ; understand

D. understood ; understand ; to understand

【简析】答案选D。了解使役动词make的句型可知为什么选D：make + sb + do使别人干……，make + oneself + 过去分词“使别人明白自己”，sb be + made + to do某人被迫去干……

2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

【简析】答案选B。本题大意为：昨晚我本想参加晚会，但我不得不加班工作完成报告。would love / like to do很想干……，would like / love to have done当时很想但未能干……

celebration of Christmas is a western .

A. habit B. manner C. movement D. custom

【简析】答案选D。表达一个民族、国家、地区长期形成的习惯叫习俗，即custom。

4. I talked for a long time , and in the end I make her believe me .

A. tried to B. managed to C. could D. succeeded to

【简析】答案选B。manage to do设法干成了……，try to do设法干……，succeed in doing成功地干……从语境in the end可知最后说服了对方。

first teacher last week and said he was still in good health .

A. shook me by the hand

B. shook me by my hands

C. shook my hand

D. shook hand with me

【答案】选A。和……握手：shake sb by the hand , shake sb’s hands , shake hands with sb。

【妙文赏析】

（一）

The shoulders can bear heavy things . Your father has a great responsibility for the family on his shoulder . When faced with difficulty , the family should stand shoulder to shoulder to overcome it . You should not turn a cold shoulder to your family members . Nor should you give your friends the cold shoulder . Both expressions mean treating others coldly .