2008年职称英语考试卫生类B级真题及答案(5)

F. a significant risk factor

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

U. S. Life Expectancy Hits New High

Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all—time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds

The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By 1995, life expectancy was 75.8 years, and by 2005, it had risen to 77；9 years, according to the report released Wednesday.

“This is good news, “said report CO—author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. “It’s even beer news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement.’’

Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census（人口普查）Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.

Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country—heart disease, cancer and stroke.

In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all—time low of less than 800 deaths per 100,000.

Dr. David Katz director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, “News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U.S.’’

Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. “But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cut out for us. ” he said.

31. Since 1 955, life expectancy rates in the U.S. have

A. moved up and down. B. been declining.