新疆红枣裂果机理研究进展

陈辉惶1，李建贵2，张俊1，杜妍1, 杨根芳1

(1.新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052；2.新疆农业大学科研处，乌鲁木齐 830052) 摘 要：【目的】为研究新疆红枣裂果机理和有效控制裂果提供理论依据。【方法】通过总结国内外相关文献，综述裂果机理的主要研究成果及防治技术。【结果】不同果树品种的裂果敏感性是受遗传因素控制，其亲本裂果性状可通过遗传对后代产生影响；果实内部生长应变力和果皮应变力在裂果过程中是相互对立的两个重要因素；果皮的细胞组织结构与厚度影响着果皮的强度，也影响着果实的裂果率；果实内含物质在发育成熟过程中的生理生化变化会诱导果实裂果；裂果发生还与矿质营养平衡有关；降雨量、蒸汽压、温湿度等气象因子也影响裂果的发生。【结论】目前国内外对裂果机理研究取得了重要的进展，但是枣裂果机理研究尚未形成体系，需进行深入研究。

关键词：枣; 裂果；研究进展

Research Progress on Mechanism of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba

Mill.) Fruit Cracking in Xinjiang

CHEN Hui-huang1，LI Jian-gui2，ZHANG Jun1

(1.College of Forestry and Horticulture，Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052，China; 2. Management

of Scientific Research, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi 830052, China )

Abstract: 【Objective and Method】To provide the theoretical support for the mechanism and efficient control methods of fruit cracking in Xinjiang by reviewing and summarizing the study progress of research achievement. 【Result】 Fruit cracking was controlled by genetic factor, which can pass on the hereditary feature of fruit cracking to their descendant. Both the sarcocarp stress and exocarp strain are mutually exclusive at the cracking processes. Pericarp thickness and the structure of tissue cell affect the intensity of cracking. The physiological and biochemical reactions could trigger the cracking in the stage of fruit growth and development. The fruit cracking is possibly related to the balance of mineral element nutrition. The climate factors include rainfall, temperature, humidity and vapor pressure, which impact the occurrence of fruit cracking. 【Conclusion】Nationally and internationally, the studies of the fruit cracking mechanism have make progress in late decades. While the mechanism of jujube cracking has just begun and has not yet formed a specialized system, require fully research.

Keywords: Chinese Jujube; Cracking; Research Progress

0. 引言

【研究意义】枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)为鼠李科枣属植物，是我国特有的果树资源和独收稿日期：2012-3-18

基金项目：自治区科技厅支撑计划课题(201031103)；自治区科技厅条件平台建设项目(PT1009)；新疆维吾尔自治区重点学科森

林培养学基金

作者简介：陈辉惶(1985-)，男，湖北通山人，硕士研究生，研究方向植物生理生态, (E-mail) huihuang-chen@ 通讯作者：李建贵(1971-)，男，山东人，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为植物种群生态学与植物生理生态学,(E-mail)

lijiangui1971@