Effect of lateral impact loads on failure of pressurized pip(9)

时间：2025-04-30

Effectoflateralimpactloads201

Table5FEAresultsforthepipessupportedbyakaolinfoundation

SpecimencodeB1B2B3BLP1BLP2BLP3BLP4BLP5BMP1BMP2BMP3BHP1BHP2BHP3BHP4

tf(ms)–13.9113.9112.0612.0612.2612.3512.3411.8011.8912.08–11.8212.0111.92

Wf(mm)–45.4645.7736.4536.8337.8038.5039.3035.4936.3337.61–36.4437.7937.00

Wg(mm)–24.2124.4719.3919.7020.4721.0421.7219.5720.2521.28–21.0622.1921.54

Wl(mm)–21.2521.3017.0617.1217.3317.4517.5715.9216.0816.33–15.3815.6015.47

Cf(mm)–13.2013.3214.0514.2714.8515.2915.8415.0115.5416.38–16.7817.7117.18

1max(%)–5.245.314.534.644.885.085.305.135.395.76–6.186.636.38

lA(mm)–6.246.315.435.535.795.976.195.635.866.23–6.276.696.45

lB(mm)–4.924.994.054.134.334.484.664.204.384.67–4.755.094.89

lp(mm)–20.0219.9510.9411.0011.0611.1911.0410.3810.4910.65–10.0610.2510.10

44.1

DISCUSSION

Experimentalresults

Figures6(a)to(c)showthepresentexperimentalresultsonthevariationofthedimensionlessmaxi-mumpermanentdeformationf¼Wf=Hwiththedimensionlessinitialimpactenergyl¼Ek=PcHforthepipespecimenssupportedbyasandfoundation,kaolinfoundation,andnon-foundationsupport,respectively.Figures6(a)and(c)showthatthemaxi-mumpermanenttransversedeformationfortheunpressurizedpipespecimensAandCwasapproxi-matelyproportionaltotheinitialimpactenergy,regardlessofthedifferentfailuremodes.Asimilarresultwasalsoreportedinreferences[3,5,6]thatthemaximumpermanenttransversedeformation

fortheunpressurizedpipespecimenssubjectedtoanimpactloadingatdifferentlocationsvariedalmostlinearlywiththeinitialimpactenergyoftheindenter.

However,thislinearrelationshipwasnolongertrueforthepressurizedpipespecimenssubjectedtoanimpactloadingatthemid-spanlocationastheplotsbegantoscatter[5,6].Thescatteroftheplotsbecomesmoresigni cantforthecurrentpressurizedpipespecimenswithandwithoutafoundationsup-port,asshowninFig.6.ThescatterresultsdisplayedinFigs6(c)withoutafoundationsupportaresimilartothoseinFigs6(a)and(b)withafoundationsupport,whichindicatesthatthefoundationsupportisposs-iblynotthecauseforthescatterresults.Thisrevealsthatthedynamicresponseofpressurizedpipelinesbecomingunstableisanomalous.

Table6FEAresultsforthepipeswithoutafoundationsupport

SpecimencodeC1C2C3CLP1CLP2CMP1CMP2CMP3CMP4CHP1CHP2CHP3CHP4CHP5CHP6

tf(ms)16.1616.4316.3415.1714.9814.3514.81–14.6314.9414.6614.28–13.5313.72

Wf(mm)51.3952.4451.9947.0446.0242.3044.44

–43.5844.2643.2441.93

–37.5538.97

Wg(mm)30.7631.6831.2829.5228.5926.3528.23

–27.4828.9328.0126.85

–22.9624.21

Wl(mm)20.6420.7620.7117.5217.4315.9516.20

–16.1015.3315.2315.08

–14.6014.76