moving to a new location.”标红的原文分别对应 B “not completely dependent on rainwater ” 和 A “ rich in nutrients”。

第五题，B，词汇题。enhance: “to increase or improve”，增强，加强，提高。对应 B “improve”。

第六题，D，词汇题。provoke: “to cause the occurrence of”，引起。对应 D “brought ab。

第七题，D，否定事实信息题。A 选项对应原文 “The increase in food production in these，regions led to a significant growth in population;B 选项对应原文 while efforts to control the flow of water to

maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas;C 选 项 对 应 原 文 to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community。

第八题，D，否定事实信息题。A 选项对应原文“The first clear steps in the rise of the first civilizations took place in the fourth and third millennia B.C. in Mesopotamia, northern Africa, India, and China (A 产 生 地 点 );B 选项对应原文“As the communities continue to grow in size and material wealth, the “ big men ” assume hereditary status (世袭，子孙相传)”;C 选 项 对 应 原 文 By means of their military prowess, dominant personalities, or political talents (成为领导者原因 ), these people gradually emerge as the leaders of that community;D 选项对应原文 How the first governments took shape in these areas is notertain (D 政府如何出现不得而知，所以不对)。

第九题，A，第三段说明了领导者即后来政府形成的原因，第四段讲述了领导者是如何形成的。对应 A 中 why 和 how。

第十题，A，由原句中 “While some..., other” 可知整个句子主要逻辑关系对比、比较。只有 A 符合原句的逻辑且 逻辑的承接语义没有问题。

第十一题，C，细节题。定位原文“Within these cities, new forms of livelihood appeared to satisfy the growing need for social services and consumer goods.” 新的生活形式的出现是为满足不断增长的社会服务和消费商品的需求，对应 C “service‐ and production‐related jobs”。

第十二题，C，细节题。定位原文 “ In some cases, the physical division within the first cities reflected the strict hierarchical character of the society as a whole, with a royal palace surrounded by an imposing wall and separate from the remainder of the urban population. ” 巨型围墙的出现显示了严格的等级特征，把城市剩余人口分隔出去。对应C “把统治阶级和剩下的人口分开”。

第十三题，D，插入句子题。This was accompanied by increased professional specialization 被插入句子包含信号

词 This，this 表示有指代关系，对应上文。根据句子插入题拆分的方法，只有一套主谓结构，按 照 was 来 拆 分 ， 该 句 后 文 应 该 说 到 professional specialization 专业化分工，也就是说下句要说到的专业分工是上句中某现象的原因。符合此逻辑的只有最后一空。该空前讲到了新生活形式的出现，之后列举了像工匠、商人、武士、学者和牧师一系列专业工作职位。

第十四题，BDE，文章小结题。A.没有提到不同意，也没有提到在 cultivating crops in less successful

environments;B.对应文中第二段，讲 river valley 的优势;C.没有提到不同组群的人因为争夺河流系统的控制权而产生敌意;D.对应文中第三段，讲 first government 形成的原因;E.对应文中第五段，讲中央集权导致了社会阶层和不同功能城市的形成;F.细节。