A) Paragraph 3 explains why a need for leadership arose in early civilizations, and paragraph 4 describes how that leadership developed.

B) Paragraph 3 suggests that agriculture was first practiced in Asia and Africa, and paragraph 4 discusses how it might have later spread to the rest of the world.

C) Paragraph 3 describes several methods of early government, and paragraph 4 gives an extended example of one of them.

D) Paragraph 3 discusses a cause of the spread of river valley agriculture in early civilizations, and paragraph 4 discusses an effect.

10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A) Some cities were associated with economic activities, while others were government or religious centers.

B) Emerging cities generally served strategic administrative, economic, and religious purposes.

C) The creation of an economic or administrative activity led to the emergence of a city for its proper supervision.

D) Some cities emerged as economic centers and later became the sites of administrative or religious activities.

11. Paragraph 5 suggests that which of the following was a consequence of the emergence of cities?

A) The decentralization of authority

B) An increase in religious activity

C) The emergence of service- and production-related jobs

D) A decreased reliance on mineral resources

12. According to paragraph 5, why were huge walls built around early royal palaces?

A) To protect the inhabitants from invaders

B) To mark the urban areas

C) To separate the ruling class from the rest of the population

D) To represent the prosperity of a city

13. Look at the four squares [¢] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

This was accompanied by increased professional specialization.