GotoPlayBoy初中英语定语从句讲解

初中英语定语从句讲解

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：

In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。所以，D是正确选项。

四．关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 he grew up.

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句举例： 非限制性定语从句举例： 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

难点分析

（一）限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last,little,few等词修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.*

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

7. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

8. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

（二）表示人时，只可用who引导定语从句的场合。

（1）指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who,而不用that。Eg:Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人会回答这个问题吗？

（2）指人时，当先行词为that,this,those或these等时要用who。Eg：Those who hadn’t bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买者票的人拥挤在候车厅里。 注：关系词只能用wh …… 此处隐藏：3557字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……