MSW management for waste minimization in 台湾(2)

662

L.-T.Luetal./WasteManagement26(2006)661–667

wasneededandfewstudiesfocusedonthisissue.ThispaperanalyzesMSWmanagementinTaiwanduringthelasttwodecades,evaluatesthepolicyofwasteminimiza-tion,andidenti esfuturechallenges.

parisonofMSWmanagementpolicybetweenTaiwanandothercountries

ReviewingtheamountsofMSWproducedinorganiza-tionforeconomiccooperationanddevelopment(OECD)countriesrevealsthattheamountofwastegeneratedpercapitaperdayinTaiwanwasbelow1kgin2000,whileinallotherOECDcountriestheamountexceeded1kg.InAsia,betweenSingapore,HongKong,SouthKorea,andTaiwan,Taiwanwasalsothelowest(OECD,2002).Fig.1,comparesMSWproductioninselectedcountriesfrom1980to2000(OECD,2002).Theresultsshowthatothercountrieshavealsoexperiencedamajorandrapidincreaseinwasteproductionoverthelast20years.Inaddi-tion,TaiwanÕsaccomplishmentsinreducingMSWareremarkablewhencomparedtoothercountries.

Table1

ComparisonoftheMSWcompositioninTaiwanandothercountriesin2000(OECD,2002;TEPA,2003)

Paper(%)

USAJapanKorea

NetherlandsHongKongSingaporeTaiwan

38332628272126

Foodandgardenwaste(%)23342539335031

Plastics(%)11137517622

Glass(%)5546317

Metals(%)8393334

Textilesandothers(%)1512291918209

Table2

ComparisonoftherecyclingsystemsofGermany,JapanandTaiwan(Chen,2003)

Germany

RecyclinglawsRecyclableitems

RecycleandWasteMaterialControlActContainers,appliances,vehicles,lubricants,batteries

Japan

Billofresourcesrecycling

Containers/packages,householdelectricalappliances,vehicles

Taiwan

WasteDisposalAct

Containers,batteries,motorcycles/automobiles,batteries,tires,lubricants,electricalappliances,computerproducts,etc.

RecyclingFundManagementBoard

StructureOrganization

ParticipationImplementation

Privatebusinessoperatesonvolunteerbasis(DualesSystemDeutshland,DSD)

ManufacturersVolunteer

GreenDotorganizationandmanufacturers

Governmentappointedprivatebusiness(JCPRA)

ManufacturerswithpermitsDrafted

Collectedbygarbagepick-up rstandthenhandedovertorecyclingcontractorsforfurtherprocessing

Paytogovernment,accordingtothepublishedrates

Governmentpaystheamount,anditwasdeterminedbyopenbid

BytheJCPRA

Draftedmandatory

Governmentwastecollectioncrews,communities,school,andrecyclingindustry

Paytothemanagementboard,accordingtoEPA-designatedratesManagementboardpaysit,

accordingtothedesignatedratesBytheneutralthirdparties;throughouttheyear

PaymentmethodsSubsidymethods

PaytheGreenDotfeetoDSDDSDpaystotherecyclingcontractors

Auditing/certi cationmethods

Bytheneutralthirdparties;onceorseveraltimesannually