常用医学英语词根一

常用医学英语词根词缀

1． 人体主要器官前缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例

心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium / carditis / cardiology

脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum / encephalitis / encephalology 肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis / pulmonectomy / pulmonology 肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis / hepatobiliary / hepatology 胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis / gastrointestinal / gastrology 胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis / cholinergic / cholecystectomy 肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis / enterectomy / enterology 脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis / splenectomy / splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis / pancreatectomy 肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis / nephropathy / nephrology

2． 与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3． 与数字有关的前缀

数字 前缀 示例

一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional

二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八 octa- octahedral/octal system

九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4． 颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色 通用名 前缀 示例

色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫 violet/purple

绿 green

棕 brown brown mixture / brown ring

橙 orange Victoria orange / ethyl orange / orange G

粉红 pink oink frothy sputum

绯红 crimson

青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5． 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)

含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例

病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无 a-/an- atypical anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨 macro- macroscopic macronucleus/macrophage

-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6． 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)

含义 前（后）缀 示例

相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症 -itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死 -necrosis/necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7． 与方位有关的前缀

含义 通用词 前缀 示例

上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下 lower/inferior infra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前 front/anterior/prior …… 此处隐藏：3733字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……