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Influenza

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Influenza

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1.What is Influenza? 2.How Influenza Spreads 3.Symptoms 4.Diagnosis 5. Treatment 6.How to Prevent

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1.What is Influenza?

Influenza (the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.

History:2,400 years

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Difference Between Cold or FLUA cold is a milder respiratory illness than the flu. While cold symptoms can make you feel bad for a few days. Flu symptoms can make you feel quite ill for a few days to weeks. Cold symptoms usually begin with a sore throat, which usually goes away after a day or two. Nasal symptoms, runny nose, and congestion follow, along with a cough by the fourth and fifth days. Fever is uncommon in adults, but a slight fever is possible. Children are more likely to have a fever with a cold. With cold symptoms, your nose teems with watery nasal secretions for the first few days. Later, these become thicker and darker. Whether a person has typical seasonal flu or swine flu, the symptoms seem to be quite similar. Flu symptoms are usually more severe than cold symptoms and come on quickly. Symptoms of swine flu and seasonal flu include sore throat, fever, headache, muscle aches and soreness, congestion, and cough. Swine flu in particular is also associated with vomiting and diarrhea.

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Influenza (the flu) Influenza

(the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent seasonal flu is by getting a seasonal flu vaccination each year. In virus classification influenza viruses are RNA viruses that make up three of the five genera of the family Orthomyxoviridae. Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C

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20th century1918 1957 1968 H1N1 H2N3 H2N3 Spanish flu Far east flu Hong Kong flu

World War I :8 to 10 million

40 million 2 million 700000

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Key Influenza A Viral Features血 凝 素 ( H) 神经氨酸酶 ( N)

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Influenza: An Ever-Changing VirusAntigenic drift: Small change ,happen continually over time

Is one of the main reasons why people can get the flu more than one time

Antigenic shift: Is an abrupt, major change

Results in a new influenza A subtype or a virus

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2.How Influenza Spreads

People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away

Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talkThese droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose (contact transmission)

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3.SymptomsAccording to Center for disease control & prevention (CDC), symptoms of H1N1 influenza resembles seasonal influenza and other acute upper respiratory tract infect

ions. Fever with or without chills Lethargy Lack of appetite Sore throat Cough Running nose Body ache Headache Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea

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4.Diagnosis

Difficult to diagnose Similar to the common cold Onset of symptoms may occur rapidly

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Diagnosis It can be tested for in the lab……

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Common laboratory findings Leukopenia particularly lymphopenia mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia slightly or moderately elevated aminotransferase levels Marked hyperglycemia related to corticosteroid use elevated creatinine levels

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Virology Diagnosis viral isolationchick embryos cultured cells

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Virology Diagnosis Real-time PCRRapid Quantitative