period, which critics have come to praise as ―The Major Phase‖.

②特点：(1)deeply into the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense

scrutiny of complex human experience.深刻探讨人物人性心理，用深厚、复杂的写作方式对复杂的个人经历进行揣摩

(2)1st person and 3rd person narration，第一和第三人称的叙述

(3)omniscient 全视角是不真实的;

③家庭背景：father: philosopher哲学家,富有；brother: psychologist, philosopher心理学家,哲学家；

④创作原则：The art of Fiction小说的艺术;art vs. life, brings the meaning of life;

⑤贡献contribution：in his critical commentaries, he made major contributions to the art of fiction itself, helping to transform the

novel from its alliance with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art from of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting

society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest from of experience. 詹姆斯把小说从新

闻形式和浪漫故事转变成为了对个人在社会大环境中面对种种冲突，进行深刻剖析的文学形式；对人们心理感受进行反映的

一种文学形式，他定义这位感受的最高形式。

⑥代表作：―The American‖、―Daisy Miller‖、― in the Portrait of a Lady‖(早期最好的作品)

Last full-length novel ==―The Wings of the Dove‖、―The Ambassadors‖、―The Golden Bowl‖

⑦The name of the heroine ―in the Portrait of a Lady”. The novel is representative of the best of James’ mature

work. The plot concerns the courtship, marriage, and development of the character of Isabel Archer, a young American girl who has

been left penniless by the death of her father. The intricate novel of psychological and moral interrelationships is in one sense another

treatment of the Jamesian theme of the American in conflict with European culture and in another sense the most personal of his

novels, an intimate picture of a woman’s soul presented with masterly psychological finesse.

7、Jack London 杰克.伦敦

①代表作：―The People of the Abyss‖、―The Call of the Wild‖、―The Sea Wolf‖、

―Martin Eden‖(autobiographical novel自传体小说)

②while embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is

most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel.

8、Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞

①代表作：―Sister Carrie‖《嘉莉妹妹》 the first novel, which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G.

W. Hurstwood.

―The Financier‖、―The Titan‖、―The Stoic‖Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲

②―An American Tragedy‖《美国悲剧》，The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s greatest and most

successful novel,德莱塞最恢宏、最成功的小说，表达了金钱万能的主题。

美国文学史复习5（the 20th century）

一、Background:

① World War I 第一次世界大战，America have great profit.

② Jump in technology (automobile / radio) 科技方面的跳跃 （汽车/收音机）

③ old moral code breaks 旧道德体系破碎

1、 意象派：is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from 1909-1917. Its credo, expressed in Some

Imagist Poets, included the use of the language of common speech, project matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and

concentration.

2、，Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a ―Lost Generation,‖

devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of ―expatriates‖ or

exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semipoverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land

with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.

3、Modernism现代主义：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary. Strictly, especially in literary criticism, which began in the

late 19th century and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. They pay more attention to the psychic time than the

chronological one.

4、现代主义的标志：T. S. Eliot’s ―The Waste Land‖, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish

a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.

5、典型的迷惘一代：

F. Scott Fitzgerald, ―The Great Gatsby‖ 《了不起的盖茨比》 novel

Ernest Hemingway ―The Sun Also Rises‖《太阳照样升起》 ―A Farwell to Arms‖《告别了，武器》

William Faulkner ―The Sound and the Fury‖ 《喧嚣与骚动》

6、Playwrights戏剧、剧作家：Eugene O’Neill ―The Emperor Jones‖《琼斯国王》、―Anna Christie‖《安娜.克里斯蒂》、―The Hairy

Ape‖《毛猿》

7、The Jazz Age(享乐时代)：when New Orleans musicians moved ―up the river‖ to Chicago, and the theatre of New York’s Harlem

pulsed with the music that had become a symbol of the times. Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of ―the beautiful and

damned‖, drowning in their pleasures.

二、代表作家：