当前的住区规划以机动交通为导向,普遍存在着步行网络支离破碎、步行环境逐渐恶化、步行安全日益凸显等问题。而住区作为居民生活的主要场所,其可步行性水平的提高对减少环境污染、提升住区活力、改善居民健康状况等方面具有积极意义。本文以文献综述为基础,总结了影响可步行性的关键因素,剖析了既有可步行性测度方法存在的问题;通过德尔菲法及现场调研确定可步行性测度指标体系......

ISSUE 1 FEB. 2015 / JOURNAL OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN WEST CHINA / 106

DOI: 10.13791/ki.hsfwest.20150118

董世永, 龙晨吟. 基于模糊综合评价的住区可步行性测度方法及发展策略研究——以重庆典型住区为例[J]. 西部人居环境学刊, 2015, 30(01): 106-112.

基于模糊综合评价的住区可步行性测度方法及发展策略研究

——以重庆典型住区为例

*

Community Walkability Measurement Methodology and Development Strategy Analysis Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment

—A Case Study of Typical Communities in Chongqing

董世永 龙晨吟 DONG Shiyong, LONG Chenyin

摘 要 当前的住区规划以机动交通为导向，普遍存在着步行网络支离破碎、步行环境逐渐恶化、步行安全日益凸显等问题。而住区作为居民生活的主要场所，其可步行性水平的提高对减少环境污染、提升住区活力、改善居民健康状况等方面具有积极意义。本文以文献综述为基础，总结了影响可步行性的关键因素，剖析了既有可步行性测度方法存在的问题；通过德尔菲法及现场调研确定可步行性测度指标体系，并运用层次分析法明确指标体系权重向量，进而通过模糊综合评价建立住区可步行性测度方法；最后，以重庆典型住区对该方法进行应用，并根据测度结果提出了提高住区可步行性的策略。

关键词 可步行性；建成环境；层次分析法；模糊综合测度模型

Abstract: The current community planning is mainly motor traffic oriented, in which there are general problems, such as pedestrian network being fragmented, pedestrian environment gradually deteriorating, and pedestrian safety becoming more endangered. The enhancement of the walkability of residential community, which are the main living space of the residents, has a great positive effect on promoting the vigor of community, reducing environment pollution, and improving the health status of residents. Firstly, this paper summarizes the key elements influencing the community walkability based on the literature review, and analyses the existing problems of the methodologies of walkability measurement. Secondly, the measuring index system of community walkability is identified through the Delphi Method and field research, and the weight of the index system for community walkability is determined by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method, then this study establishes the measurement methodology of community walkability using fuzzy comprehensive assessment. Finally, several typical residential communities in Chongqing are selected as examples to apply this method on, and then several strategies are recommended to enhance the community walkability according to the measuring results.

Keywords: Walkability; Built Environment; AHP Method; Fuzzy Comprehensive Measurement Model

中图分类号 TU984.12文献标识码 B

文 章 编 号 2095-6304(2015)01-0106-07

0 引 言

随着我国城镇化步伐的不断加快，城市建设进入了一个崭新时期，城市面貌得到很大改观。与此同时，我国城市也面临许多新的困扰。在住区发展方面，车行交通逐渐替代了步行交通，汽车的尺度取代了人的尺度，成为组织居民生活的主要方式，给住区的发展带来了诸如环境污染、社区活力丧失等负面影响。然而随着可持续发展观念日益深入人心，步行作为一种绿色无污染的交通方式在当今机动化社会中的地位逐渐回归。如何适应住区步行化的新需求，制定一套有效的住区可步行性测度方法来改善当前住区的步行环境成为亟待解决的新课题。

* 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51378517）

作者简介董世永：重庆大学建筑城规学院， 山地城镇建设

与新技术教育部重点实验室，副教授，444637233@

龙晨吟：重庆大学建筑城规学院， 硕士研究生