牛津英语8B重点复习

〈知识链接〉mind介意，表示请求允许或客气地请人做事。注意以下两种表达的不同：

⑴Do/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事吗？ 表示请求对方的允许，答语为Of course not. Certainly not.或You’d better not. Better not.

⑵Do/Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事吗？表示客气地请人做事。

①Do you mind my opening the window?＝Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗户好吗？

②Would you mind explaining that again, please?请你再解释一遍行吗？ 请做题

—Would you mind ’m feeling too tired. —Of course not. Let me do it.

A. to drive B. my drive C. driving D. my driving

23. Just double-click on the “Pencil” icon. …

〈知识链接〉⑴appear是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。appear出现→disappear消失

⑵sheet n.①床单e.g. change the sheet换床单 ②一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸) e.g. 500 sheets 这个游戏在哪些国家销售？ (p55)

〈知识链接〉In which countries不能去掉介词in，e.g. Which city did you go to last summer? open the treasure box. →当主语是goal等时，用动词不定式be to do作表语。

三.【语法详解】被动语态

㈠英语中的语态－主动语态和被动语态

⒈英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：①They built a new bridge over the river. (主动) →A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被动) ②Many people speak English. (主动) →English is spoken by many people. (被动)

⒉汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“be＋p.p.”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。

㈡被动语态的基本用法

⒈当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be＋过去分词构成，时态通过动词be表现出来。

⒉什么时候使用被动语态

⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

①Some windows were broken last night. ②This book was published (出版) in 2005.

注意：第②句＝This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。 ⑵只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

①Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. ②Rice was first grown in China.

③English is learned all over the world.

注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear, happen, take place等。

㈢被动语态的基本结构

⒈动作的承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其他＋by＋动作的执行者。

简写为“承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其他＋by＋动作的执行者”。

⒉主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

确定主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。→ 找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。 → 按照上述句式改写：承受者 +be+过去分词+其他＋by＋执行者

牛津英语8B重点复习

⒋主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。

⑴His brother washes dishes every day. → Dishes are washed every day by his brother.

主(执行者) 谓 宾(承受者) 其他

⑵Peter will clean the room tomorrow. →The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.

⑶He must look after the little boy. →The little boy must be looked after by him.

⑷The students are watching a charity show. →A charity show is being watched by the students.

㈣特殊情况的被动语态

简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要：

⒈主谓＋双宾：这类短语含有介词to或for。如：give, send, show, buy, make…

⑴give sb sth＝give sth to sb，buy sb sth＝buy sth for sb

主动语态：Amy gave me some nice stickers.＝Amy gave some nice stickers to me.

被动语态：I was given some nice stickers by Amy.或Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy. ⑵主动：A fairy gave the princess a magic wand.＝A fairy gave a magic wand to Princess Laura. 被动：The princess was given a magic wand by a fairy.或A magic wand was given to the princess.

总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。主动语态中无论使用give sb sth 还是give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改写，即：

⒉主谓宾＋省略to的不定式(即宾补)：使役动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to一定要加上。 常见短语⑴make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。下同) ⑵hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth

⑶see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth

⑷have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth

注意特殊例子：let sb do sth →sb be let do sth (主动语态和被动语态都不含to。)

e.g. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. → ㈤主动形式表示被动意义：有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。 ⒈某些连系动词。这些动词有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove等。

①The coffee smells delicious. ②The story proved quite false.

⒉某些可与well, easily, quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。

①This kind of bikes sells well. ②This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.

⒊某些可用于“主＋谓＋主补”结构中的不及物动词。e.g. The bag broke open.

⒋动名词在be worth doing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。

①His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. ②These stamps are worth collecting.

⒌动名词在need, want, require等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。need doing＝need to be done ①The problem requires dealing with immediately. ②Her bike needed repairing.

⒍动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义。The box is too heavy to carry.

⒎有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important,

牛津英语8B重点复习

useful, dangerous等。

①Bad habits are easy to contract. ②English is difficult to learn.

Unit4

一.【精选词汇】

㈠重点短语

1. hold a microphone拿着麦克风→比较：

2. Congratulations!祝贺你！congratulations在向别人表示祝贺、祝福时常用复数。(p60)

3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被选作…

〈知识链接〉be chosen to do sth被选做某事，e.g. Hepburn was chosen to play the lead role.

4. fund-raising activities for charities为慈善机构筹款的活动，advertise on the Internet在网上做广告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在电视上/报纸上/杂志上做广告，organize a charity show 组织慈善演出，sell books to raise money卖书来筹款 (p61)

5. give out leaflets发传单→give…out分发，动词＋副词结构，give it/them out。

6. return to school重返学校→return ⑴回到return to＋地点 ⑵return sth to sb把某物归还某人 〈知识链接〉⑴return to…＝go back to…回到…⑵return sth to sb＝give sth back to sb归还…

①Hong Kong returned to China in1997. ②I remembered returning the book to the library.

7. help protect rivers and lakes in China帮助保护中国的河流和湖泊→help (to) do sth帮助做…

8. host a charity show主持慈善演出，开始着手演出工作 (p62)

9. have a lot of support from local businesses得到当地企业的许多支持

〈知识链接〉have support from sb＝have sb’s support得到某人的支持，e.g. have my parents’ support. business n.⑴企业；商行 ⑵事情①Mind your own business.＝It’s none of your business.不关你的事。②on business因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours营业时间

〈用法拓展〉⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(联想记忆：因为忙的时候人在做事，所以be busy之后用动词的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee极忙碌地

10. perform on the stage在舞台上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演 在侧门上，在舞台的两侧，在舞台的中间，in the four corners of the school hall在学校礼堂的四个角落里 (p67)

12. design the poster设计海报，set up the stage搭建舞台， (p70)

13. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句，keep silent保持沉默，from now on从今以后(用于将来时)，since then自那时起(用于完成时)，day and night日日夜夜，first of all首先；最重要的是，care more about…多关注…→care more about the people in need，care only about…只关心…，care about…在乎…, 关心… (p72)

14. make/do a speech演讲→freedom of speech言论的自由 (p73)

㈡词汇解析

1. 中国的慈善机构：Project Hope希望工程，Spring Bud Project春蕾计划，Project Green Hope绿色希望工程，Save China’s Tigers拯救中国虎

2. TV cameras摄像机，TV station电视台→Chinese Central Television Station＝CCTV

3. rise ⑴vi. 上升，(太阳、月亮)升起→反义词set，e.g. ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。②The curtain rose. ⑵(水)涨高 e.g. The river rose after the rain. ⑶(物价)上涨 e.g. Prices have risen surprisingly.物价上涨得很惊人。

〈用法拓展〉⑴rise→rose→risen vi.上升；升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised vt.举起；升起，筹集

二.【重点句型】 只要你白天少睡一些觉 (p60)