高级英语第一册 Unit 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.

高级英语笔记整理

Winston S .Churchill Unit5 1. U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the Soviet Union, Russia) 苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟 二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。

2. Awake, awaken, wake, or waken

①Awaken (awakened, awakened) and Waken (wakened, wakened) are slightly old-fashioned words, usually used as transitive verbs (及物动词), meaning “rouse someone from sleep (唤醒某人)”. Awaken is used especially in literature (尤用于文学作品). Awaken and Waken are much more formal (Awaken and waken要正式得多).

悄悄地缓慢行进，蹑手蹑脚地移动 crept, crept) eg: He wakened (wakened up, awakened) when I entered.

②Wake (woke, woken) and Awake (awoke, awoken) are more often used as intransitive verbs. Wake (Waken) can be used with “up”.

78 : less common)

③Awake can be used as an adjective.

eg: He is wide awake.他毫无睡意。

④Awake and Awaken are often figuratively (比喻地) used to mean “to realize”(意识到).

eg: They haven’t woke up (awoke, awakened) to the seriousness of the situation.

他们没有认识到形势的严重性。

eg: The national spirit awoke (was awakened).

⑤wake up to sth.: to become aware of sth; to realize sth.意识到，认识到

⑥awaken (sb.) to ath.: to become aware or to make sb. aware of sth. and its possible effects or results

（使）察觉到，意识到，醒悟到

3. This changed conviction into certainty:

If you have conviction you have great confidence in your belief or opinion.

同义释句：In the past it was just my belief that Hitler would soon attack the Soviet Union; but now it was no longer a belief, it had become a fact.

conviction: [k n'vik n] a very firm and sincere belief (It usually implies previous doubt or uncertainty.) 确信 eg: It is my conviction that some of you do not study hard enough.我深信某些学生没有努力学习。

eg: Churchill spoke in full conviction that the Nazi Germany would be defeated.

丘吉尔以坚定不移的口吻说：纳粹德国必将失败。

certainty: clearly established fact确实 我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。

4. where our duty and our policy lay: what we should do and how we should do it

lie (lay, lain): exist, be found, reside

高级英语笔记整理

eg: He recognized clearly where his duty lay.他清楚地知道自己的责任所在。

eg: She knew where the real danger lay.她知道真正的危险在哪里。

eg: The solution of the problem of China lies in political reform.中国问题的解决有赖于政治改革。

eg: The teacher should find out where the difficulties of the students lie.教师应当找出学生的困难所在。 eg: Strength lies in unity.团结就是力量。

the task of it. 尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。

5. There only remained:

Besides to be, some other verbs can be used with “there”, especially in a formal or literary style.

These verbs are which express a state (live, exist, remain, etc.) and which describe the arrival of sb. or sth. (come, arise, enter, appear, follow, etc.)

There + verb:

eg: In a small town in Germany, there once lived a rich merchant who had three daughters.

从前，在德国的一座小城里，住着一个富裕的商人，他有三个女儿。

eg: There remains nothing more to be done.已经没有更多事可做了。

eg: Suddenly there entered a knight dressed all in green.突然，一位身穿绿衣的骑士走了进来。

eg: There followed an awkward / uncomfortable silence.接着是一阵令人尴尬的安静。

6. compose: put together

with detailed news. 于是，我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。

7. I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broadcast at 9 o' clock that night:

I asked: 提出要求

that I would broadcast at 9 o' clock that night:（notice的）同位语从句

本局为虚拟语气：should可以省略，后加动词原形

8. presently: before long, shortly, soon不久，一会儿

9. hasten: move fast (急忙) hurry (慌忙): confused, panic

Hasten implies urgent quickness while Hurry implies haste that causes confusion or prevents concentrated attention. Hurry implies a strong implication of confusion, agitation.（hasten指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。hurry指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。）

10. down:

may mean “away from a place considered more important in the direction of a place considered less important”.Similarly, “up” may mean “away from a place considered less important in the direction of a place considered more important”.

eg: He went down to Norfolk from London on Friday evening.

eg: Shall we ask him down for the weekend? He must be tired staying in London all the time.

eg: When are you going up to Lomdon? and violence. 德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。

11. invade: 入侵

attack and spread into so as to take control of a country; to enter a country with armed forces in order to attack

高级英语笔记整理

13. portion: a part of a whole一部分

14. ground: vt.&vi. (of pilot o …… 此处隐藏：36510字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……