Y:He never married all his life.

In terms of truth condition,if X is true,Y is true.and if X is false,Y is false.

5.2.X is inconsistent with Y(Inconsistency不一致关系)

e.g. X:This is my first visit to your country..

Y:I have never been to your countrybefore.

In terms of truth condition,if X is true,Y is false.and if X is false,Y istrue.

5.3.X entails Y (Entailment 蕴含关系)

Entailment is a relation of inclusion.If X entails Y,then the meaning of X is included in Y. e.g. X:He has been to France.

Y:He has been to Europe.

In terms of truth condition,if X is true,Y is neccessarily true.and if X is false,Y may be true or false.

5.4.X presupposes Y(Y is a prerquisite of X)（Presupposition预设/前提关系）

e.g.X: My uncle lives in London.

Y:I have an uncle.

If X is true,Y must be true.If X is false,Y is still true.

5.5.X is a contradiction

When X is a contradiction,it is invariably false.e.g:

My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor.

5.6. X is semantically anomalous

E.g:The table has bad intentions.

6.Semantic field：The organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another.将相关词和表达组成体系，显示其间的关系

ponential Analysis 成分分析：a way to analyze the word meaning by analysing a word into a set of meaning components or semantic features .e.g:boy:HUMAN,MALE,YOUNG

Componential Analysis:is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning.The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components,called semantic features.This is parallel to the way a phoneme is analysed into smaller components called distinctive features.Plus and minus signs are used to indicate whether a certain semantic feature is present or absent in the meaning of a word,and these feature symbols are usually written in capitalized letters. e.g: the word “boy ”is analyzed as comprising features of HUMAN,MALE,YOUNG.

One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of certain words,it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning.For example,the two words “man” and “woman” share the features of HUMAN and ADULT,but differ in the feature of ADULT.

Componential analysis provides an insight into the meaning of words and a way to study the relationships between words that are related in meaning.

更多例子参考胡壮麟书第五章。除此外加

Wife,husband,bachelor,spinster,sister,brother,bull,calf,cow,mare,stallion