中国人民大学2007年语言学考研真题(3)
发布时间:2021-06-06
发布时间:2021-06-06
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社会环境的意义;4.情感意义:所传达的关于说话人或作者感情、态度方面的意义;5.反射意义:通过联想同一表达式的其他意思所传达的意义;6.搭配意义:通过联想词语的常用搭配而传达的意义;7.主题意义:通过由顺序和重音组织信息的方式所传达的意义。
参考答案
G.Leech(1981)categorizessevenkindsofmeaninginhisSemantics:
1)Conceptualmeaning:whichislogical,cognitive,ordenotativecontent.
2)Connotativemeaning:whatiscommunicatedbyvirtueofwhatlanguagerefersto.
3)Socialmeaning:whatiscommunicatedofthesocialcircumstancesoflanguageuse,whichincludedialects,time,accepteddomain,scalesofformality,therelationshipandthesocialstatusofthetwospeakersetc.4)Affectivemeaning:whatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.
5)Reflectedmeaning:whatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.6)Collocativemeaning:whatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithwordswhichtendtooccurintheenvironmentofanotherword.
7)Thematicmeaning:whatiscommunicatedbythewayinwhichthemessageisorganizedintermsoforderandemphasis.(3points)
Forexample,theconceptualmeaningof“dog”is“adomesticatedcarnivorousmammalrelatedtothefoxesandwolvesandraisedinawidevarietyofbreeds”.Theconnotativemeaningof“dog”isfaithfulorcontemptibledependingtheculturalcontext.Theaffectivemeaningof“dog”is“apersonregardedasunattractiveoruninterestingorsomethingofinferiororlowquality”.The“dog”canhavethecollocationwithsuchadjectivesas:dangerous,fierce,killer,savage,mad,rabid;orwithverbssuchas:bark,bay,growl,howl,pant,snarl,whine,yap,yelp,etc.(2points)
eadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenstateyourownpositionconcerningtheuseofknowingⅢ.R
somelinguistics.(10points)
思路提示
考查学习语言学的意义所在。语言学是科学体系中最接近自然科学的社会科学之一。在劳动创造了人同时创造了语言和思维的关节点上,科学研究的对象从自然领域转入社会领域。所以,语言的特点决定语言学同生理学、心理学、物理学等众多的科学紧密联系。语言作为社会现象,同社会、文化、思维、文学、符号等现象有密切联系;语言的本质属性是社会属性,但它还有自然属性,与一些自然现象也有联系。语言是现代科学体系中的关键学科,它也在不断发展。因此,学习语言学,可以帮助我们多角度、多层次、多方位地研究语言活动、语言机制、语言环境、话语构建、话语理解以及语言产生的文化、社会等背景特点,从而深刻认识语言的本质,充分发挥语言的作用。
参考答案
Languageplaysacentralroleinourlivesasindividualsandsocialbeings.Ifwearenotfullyawareofthenatureandmechanismofourlanguage,wewillbeignorantofwhatconstituteouressentialhumanity.Theunderstandingoflanguageshouldnotbeconfinedtolinguisticsasitisavitalhumanresource.(4points)
Thesubjectoflanguageisintriguingandusefulformanydifferentreasons.Languagecanbeusedasawayoffindingoutmoreabouthowthebrainworks,orthedamagetothebrainresultsincertainkindoflanguagedisorders,howchildrenlearnlanguage,howpeoplelearnandteachdifferentlanguages,whatarelationshipbetweenmeaningandperceptionis,whattheroleoflanguageisindifferentcultures,whypeopleusedifferentvarietiesoflanguage,whytherearelinguisticdifferencesbetweendifferentgroups,andhowscientistsmakethecomputerworkinamorehumanlikemanner.(4points)
Tosumup,tostudylinguisticsisbeneficialbothfortheunderstandingofhumanityandcommunication,anditisagoodstartingpointforustogoonresearchinginlanguagerelatedfields.(2points)
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