中国人民大学2007年语言学考研真题(2)
发布时间:2021-06-06
发布时间:2021-06-06
thesimplereasonthateverybodyusesiteveryday.Itisunbelievablethatweknowverylittleaboutsomethingwearesofamiliarwith.Justafewquestionswillarouseourinterestinlanguage.Whyshouldwecallthethingwesitonchair?Cantwecallchairtableandtablechair?Howisitthatchildrendontseemtomakeabigeffortinlearningtheirfirstlanguagewhileweadultshavetoworkveryhardtolearnasecondlanguage?Whycanwetalkaboutyesterdayandlastyearwhilecatsanddogsneverseemtomakenoisesabouttheirpastexperience?Doyouthinkwecanthinkasclearlywithoutlanguageaswithlanguage?Doeslanguagedeterminewhatwethinkorthoughtdetermineswhatwesay?Thesequestionsmakeuscuriousaboutlanguageandlinguisticscansatisfyourcuriosity.Toseektheanswertoanyofthesequestionsisagoodreasonforstudyinglinguistics
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illintheblankswiththerightlinguisticconcepts.(10points)Ⅰ.F
1.meaning(考查语言的区别性特征之一:任意性) 7.Chomsky(考查对语言习得机制的理解)2.Backformation(考查逆构词法的定义)
3.bound(考查粘着词素的定义及辨别)
4.Pragmatics(考查语用学和社会语言学的区别)
5.langue(考查语言和言语的概念及区别)
6.Quality(考查质量准则)
iveshortanswertothefollowingquestions.(10points)Ⅱ.G
1.Explaincriterionreferencedandnormreferencedlanguagetests.
思路提示
根据对考分的解释,语言学家将考试分类为标准参照考试(criterionreferenced)和常模参照考试(normreferenced)。标准参照考试根据一套明确规定的能力和目标技能解释考试的考试成绩。通过比较,决定考生是否达到标准,从而评估教育或训练计划的成败。常模参照考试将一个学生的行为(通常用分数表示)与参加同一次考试的其他学生的行为做比较,以区别每个考生成绩的高低或好坏。
参考答案
Acriterionreferencedtest(CRT)isatestwhichmeasuresastudentsperformanceaccordingtoaparticularstandardorcriterionwhichhasbeenagreedupon.Thestudentmustreachthislevelofperformancetopassthetest,andastudentsscoreisthereforeinterpretedwithreferencetothecriterionscore,ratherthantothescoresofotherstudents.(2.5points)
Anormreferencedtest(NRT)isatestwhichisdesignedtomeasurehowtheperformanceofaparticularstudentorgroupofstudentscompareswiththeperformanceofanotherstudentorgroupofstudentswhosescoresaregivenasthenorm.Astudentsscoreisthereforeinterpretedwithreferencetothescoresofotherstudentsorgroupsofstudents,ratherthantoanagreedcriterionscore.(25points)
2.Explaintheseventypesofmeaninganduseexamplestoillustrateyourideas.
思路提示
考查G.Leech提出的七种意义类型。这七种意义类型分别是:1.概念意义:指逻辑的、认知的或者外延的内容;2.内涵意义:通过语言所指传达的意义;3.社会意义:所传达的关于语言使用的8.Idiolect(考查社会方言的定义)9.critical(考查关键期假说)10.Cohesion(考查对衔接的理解,与coherence连贯相区别)0 02