中国人民大学2007年语言学考研真题

发布时间:2021-06-06

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考试科目:420 专业英语

illintheblankswiththerightlinguisticconcepts.(10points)Ⅰ.F

1.Humanlanguageisarbitrary.Thisreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandth2itisassociatedwith.isatypeofwordformationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixofalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.Forexample,theverbeditwasformedfromeditorbydroppingthesupposedderivationalsuffixor.

3.Somemorphemeslikeish,ness,ly,dis,trans,unareneverwordsbythemselvesbutare

alwayspartsofwords.Theseaffixesar4morphemes.canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,

andparole.Theformeristheattemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.5.OneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsiFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryforspeaking,listening,writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextualfactors.

6.H.P.GricebelievesthatthereisasetofassumptionsguidingtheconductofConversation.ThisiswhathecallstheCooperativePrinciple.Accordingtothemaximofully;donotlie.

7proposesthateveryspeakerknowsasetofprincipalswhichapplytoalllanguagesandalsoasetofparametersthatcanvaryfromonelanguagetoanother,butonlywithincertainlimits.

8referstovarietiesofalanguageusedbyindividualspeakers,withpeculiaritiesofpronunciation,grammarandvocabulary.Infact,notwospeakersspeakexactlythesamedialect.Eachspeakerhascertaincharacteristicfeaturesofhisowninhiswayofspeaking.

9.Accordingtperiodhypothesis,inchilddevelopmentthereisaperiodduringwhichlanguagecanbeacquiredmoreeasilythanatanyothertime.Theperiodlastsuntilpuberty(aroundage12or13years),andisduetobiologicaldevelopment.

10referstotiesandconnectionswhichexistwithintexts.Theyarealsocalledformal

linksbetweensentencesandbetweenclauses.

iveshortanswertothefollowingquestions.(10points)Ⅱ.G

1.Explaincriterionreferencedandnormreferencedlanguagetests.

2.Explaintheseventypesofmeaninganduseexamplestoillustrateyourideas.

eadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenstateyourownpositionconcerningtheuseⅢ.R

ofknowingsomelinguistics.(10points)

  Onefamousscholarsaysthatlanguageisaninterestingsubjecttostudyonitsownright,for

0 01:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorforwhichyoulackevidence.Inotherwords,speaktruth

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