中国人民大学2007年语言学考研真题
发布时间:2021-06-06
发布时间:2021-06-06
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考试科目:420 专业英语
illintheblankswiththerightlinguisticconcepts.(10points)Ⅰ.F
1.Humanlanguageisarbitrary.Thisreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnectionbetweenaparticularsoundandth2itisassociatedwith.isatypeofwordformationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixofalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.Forexample,theverbeditwasformedfromeditorbydroppingthesupposedderivationalsuffixor.
3.Somemorphemeslikeish,ness,ly,dis,trans,unareneverwordsbythemselvesbutare
alwayspartsofwords.Theseaffixesar4morphemes.canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,
andparole.Theformeristheattemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.5.OneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsiFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryforspeaking,listening,writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextualfactors.
6.H.P.GricebelievesthatthereisasetofassumptionsguidingtheconductofConversation.ThisiswhathecallstheCooperativePrinciple.Accordingtothemaximofully;donotlie.
7proposesthateveryspeakerknowsasetofprincipalswhichapplytoalllanguagesandalsoasetofparametersthatcanvaryfromonelanguagetoanother,butonlywithincertainlimits.
8referstovarietiesofalanguageusedbyindividualspeakers,withpeculiaritiesofpronunciation,grammarandvocabulary.Infact,notwospeakersspeakexactlythesamedialect.Eachspeakerhascertaincharacteristicfeaturesofhisowninhiswayofspeaking.
9.Accordingtperiodhypothesis,inchilddevelopmentthereisaperiodduringwhichlanguagecanbeacquiredmoreeasilythanatanyothertime.Theperiodlastsuntilpuberty(aroundage12or13years),andisduetobiologicaldevelopment.
10referstotiesandconnectionswhichexistwithintexts.Theyarealsocalledformal
linksbetweensentencesandbetweenclauses.
iveshortanswertothefollowingquestions.(10points)Ⅱ.G
1.Explaincriterionreferencedandnormreferencedlanguagetests.
2.Explaintheseventypesofmeaninganduseexamplestoillustrateyourideas.
eadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenstateyourownpositionconcerningtheuseⅢ.R
ofknowingsomelinguistics.(10points)
Onefamousscholarsaysthatlanguageisaninterestingsubjecttostudyonitsownright,for
0 01:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorforwhichyoulackevidence.Inotherwords,speaktruth