英语五大基本句型及练习

时间：2025-04-20

英语五大基本句型及练习

基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object

complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。

e.g. The rain stopped .

The old man walks in the park .

句型一的扩展： 1.主语+不及物动词+状语

e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)

2.There +不及物动词+主语

e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .

There comes the bus .

3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式

e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)

特别提醒

动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。

e.g. They stopped taking a rest .

系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。

e.g. My sister is a nurse .

I feel quite hungry .

The ball is under the desk .

及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We are learning English .

Do you know him ?

Your radio needs repairing .

She hopes to see her uncle.

有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.

Give me the book, please.

A. 通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。

e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .

Give the book to me , please .

直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：

give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)

间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：

buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)

B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。

e.g. I handed it to our teacher .

不能说：I handed our teacher it .

C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .

a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .

b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.

及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。

We elected Li Yang our monitor.

The news made us sad.

She saw the thief steal into the shop .

The teacher asked me to answer the question .

I found the man stealing the money .

I found my money stolen .

A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。

B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.

e.g. We hear her sing next door.

She is heard to sing next door .

C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。

e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.

He was seen to steal the old man’s money .

英语五大基本句型练习

1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.

a. wait b. to wait c. waiting d. waited

2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.

a. run b. ran d. to run d. running

3. Rose is going to have her hair _____.

a. do b. done c. did d. doing