时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。

1. 一般现在时

用法：

A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

B) 习惯用语。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。）

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）

How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）

2. 现在进行时(be doing)

用法：现在正在进行的动作。

3. 现在完成时(have done)

用法：

A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell

答案是C) haven't sold。

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A) are to challenge C) have been challenged

B) may be challenged D) are challenging

全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。

C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。

例：John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）

注意事项

A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。

例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）

He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）

B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）

My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（终端动词）

C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）

D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）

E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。

例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）

4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)

用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）

注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例：1997年6月四级第45题

It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A) had leaked B) is leaking

C) leaked D) has been leaking

从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，

谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

5. 一般过去时

用法：

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）

C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？） Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）

注意事项：

A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经"，要求加动词原形；后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。

6. 过去完成时(had done)

用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。

Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.

A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A) didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C) hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。

注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。）

分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。

7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)

用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）

注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)

用法：

A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）

B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。） 注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9. 一般将来时

用法：

A) 基本结构是will / shall do。

例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）

B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）

C) 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）

D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）

E) "be to do"的5种用法：

a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）

b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。

例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）

c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）

d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.

A. will be attended B. will be attended to

C. is attended D. is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或if ……should）

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.

A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been

答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。” F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。）

例：1999年6月四级第65题

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A) in B) to C) at D) on

答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”

注意事项：

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）

10. 将来进行时(will be doing)

用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。

11. 将来完成时(will have done)

用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

例：1997年1月四级第22题

The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.

A) must have lasted B) will have lasted

C) would last D) has lasted

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可

以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

12)将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ，will have been doing

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）

13)过去完成进行时：had been doing

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）

14) 过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（此句为被动语态）

15) 过去将来完成时：should have done , would have done

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）

16) 过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）

高中非谓语动词练习A

1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.

A. to repair bicycles B. bicycles to be repaired

C. bicycles being repaired D. repairing bicycles

2. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?

--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.

A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be

3. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.

A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly

4. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.

A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing

5. _____ the front door _____, he had to enter the room through the back door.

A. Seen; painted B. Seeing; painted

C. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted

6. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost

7. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

8. To answer correctly is more important than _____.

A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish

quickly D. finish quickly

9. The old farmer, _____ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help.

A. supporting B. having supported C. being supported by D. being supported

10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _____ a new milestone in the history of mankind.

A. it marked B. marking C. marked D. to mark

11. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.

A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick

12. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the problem _____.

A. to solve; being talked about B. solving; discussing

C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; being discussed

13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.

A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered

C. to discover D. having been discovered

14. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.

A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run

15. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _____ on the screen.

A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing

16. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.

A. having heard B. to hear C. hearing D. being heard

17. _____, the subject was always in my mind.

A. Walking or sleeping B. Walking or slept C. Having walked or slept D. To walk and sleep

18. --- Did you get a dictionary?

--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.

A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left

19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.

A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied

20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.

A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard

21. All of the flowers now _____ here have developed from those once _____ in the forest.

A. raised; grown B. rising; growing C. raised; growing D. rising; grown

22. Henry can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _____ at Marie’s house tomorrow.

A. held; being held B. to be held; to be held

C. to be held; held D. being held; to be held

23. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.

A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared

24. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.

A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send

25. The sun was shining brightly, _____ everything there _____ more beautiful.

A. making; look B. to make; looked C. and made; looking D. and making; be looked

26. How could he get the plan _____ without any one to support him?

A. to carry out B. carry out C. carrying out D. carried out

27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.

A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted

28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.

A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken

29. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ the possible mistakes in it.

A. being corrected B. to correct C. corrected D. having corrected

30. _____ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.

A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made

31. We should prevent such a silly mistake _____ again.

A. occurring B. to occur C. to be occurred D. from being occurred

32. I regret _____ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam.

A. not to work B. having not worked C. to have not worked D. not having worked

33. They looked forward with hope _____ a chance to receive further education.

A. for getting B. of getting C. to get D. to getting

34. “Well, I’ll tell you a secret ...” said the boy, with his mouth almost _____ my ear.

A. touched B. touching C. touch D. to touch

35. Towards evening, the patient opened his mouth as if _____ something to his son.

A. said B. say C. to say D. to have said

36. --- Would you be _____ lend me your bicycle?

--- Sure.

A. so kind as to B. kind enough as to C. very kind to D. so kind to

37. The beach is so beautiful that it is worthwhile, I think, _____ for a short holiday.

A. of going B. to be going C. your going D. you to go

38. The teacher asked more _____ to prevent the students’ eyes from being injured.

A. to do B. done C. to be done D. being done

39. Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to _____ with the global education community.

A. being connected B. connect C. having connected D. be connected

40. The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, however.

A. had intended B. intended C. being intended D. to intend

41. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.

A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring

42. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.

A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting

43. --- I hear Warren _____ in a middle school.

--- What? I can’t imagine him _____ as a teacher.

A. teaches; working B. teaches; work C. teach; to work D. teach; working

44. _____ he’s only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well.

A. Considered B. Considering C. Having considered D. To consider

45. It was _____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.

A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played

46. At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, for she is always too busy _____ a good rest.

A. to take B. taking C. took D. taken

47. _____ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.

A. Mary was chosen B. Mary chosen C. Mary being chosen D. Mary’s being chosen

48. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ to death.

A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening C. Seen; frighten D. To see; frightening

49. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising

50. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.

A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing

答案及部分解析：

1-5 CDDAD 6-10 DDCAB 11-15 BDABC 16-20 CACDB 21-25 CDCDA

26-30 DDBBD 31-35 ADDBC 36-40 ACCAB 41-45 CDABB 46-50 ADABB

1. 用-ing形式一般式的被动语态作宾语补足语，强调自行车被修理的过程。

2. consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。

3. 过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。

4. 从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。

5. see 表示的动作与句子谓语动词（had to enter）所表示的动作几乎同时发生，且与其逻辑主语（he）为主动关系，故用一般式。由句意“看到前门正在被漆，……”可知，第二空应用being painted。

6. lost in the big chair为过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。此句的正常语序为：Her little brother sat there...

7. catch sb. doing sth. （偶然或突然）发现或撞见某人正在做某事。

8. 题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。

9. -ing形式的一般式在句中作非限制性定语。

10. 题意为“2004年1月，美国成功地发射了“勇气”号火星探测器，标志着人类历史上一个新的里程碑”。

11. 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。

12. 由have great trouble （in）doing sth.可知第一空应用solving; being discussed作定语修饰problem，表示“正在被讨论的问题”。

13. 用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。

14. 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。

15. 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。

16. appreciate后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语。

17. 题意为“无论是走路还是睡觉，我总是在想这个问题。”注意：此题中-ing形式短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语并不一致，有的语法家称其为“垂悬分词”。又如：Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （NMET2001）

18. tried to后省去了get one。

19. 由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。

22. 由at present可知第一空应用being held（表示正在被进行的动作）；由tomorrow可知第二空应用to be held（表示即将被进行的动作）。

23. 由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。

24. 此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。

26. 考查get sth. done 结构。carry out执行。

27. before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。

28. feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”

29. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语。he has just finished 为定语从句。

30. -ing形式短语作原因状语。not要置于-ing形式之前。

31. prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.为固定搭配。occur为不及物动词。

32. regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾（抱歉）地要做……。

33. look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事，注意with hope（满怀希望地）插入了短语look forward to中。

34. 考查with 的复合结构。his mouth与touch之间是主动关系。

35. “as if+不定式短语”在句中作方式状语。

37. 考查句型It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.。I think为插入语。

38. 由ask sb. to do sth.可知此处应用不定式。宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用to be done。

39. close to中的to为介词。be connected with可理解为“与……接轨”。

40. intended to please the audience...相当于which had been intended to please the audience...。

41. tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事。

42. when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相当于which lights up...。

43. 第一空应用一般现在时表示，意为“我听说沃伦在一所中学教书”；imagine后常接-ing形式(短语)或-ing形式的复合结构作宾语。

44. 此处considering为连词，意为“考虑到”；它还可用作介词，如：Considering the weather, he arrives very early考虑到天气，他算早的啦。

45. 此句是强调句型，强调句子的主语playing computer games。

46. 考查too...to...结构。注意：at no time（在什何时候都不）放在句首时,句子要用倒装

语序。

47. -ing形式的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语常用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。as most classmates had expected为非限制性定语从句。

48. seeing the big snake在句中作时间状语；frightened to death在句中作伴随状语。

49. advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; advertised作宾语补足语。

50. 由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式。

高中非谓语动词练习B

1＿＿Sunday, the students are at home. A. Being B. To be C. It is D. It being

2.The boy lay on his back, his teeth ＿＿and his glaring eyes ＿＿＿.

A.set； looked B. set； looking C. setting； looked D. setting； looking

3.All the thing＿＿＿＿，his proposal is of greater value than yours.

A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider

4.＿＿＿＿who she was, she said she was Mr.Johnson’s friend.

A. Asking B. Asked C. To be asked D. When asking

5.He hurried to the station,＿＿＿the 9：30 train had already left.

A. to find B. found C. only to find D. only finding

6.Which do you enjoy ＿＿＿your weekends, fishing or watching TV?

A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend

7.＿＿＿all my letters, I had a drink and went out. A.Finished B.Having finished

C.Finishing D.To finish

8.She had no money ＿＿＿a birthday present for her children.

A. to buy with B. buying C .bought D. with which to buy

9.From the dates＿＿＿on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.

A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked

10.＿＿＿＿time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers

and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved

11.O’Neal works hard.He is often seen ＿＿＿heavily before his teammates start.

A.sweated B.to be sweated C.sweating D.being sweated

12.I can hardly imagine Peter＿＿across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days. A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed

13.Such＿＿＿the case, I couldn’t help but ＿＿＿＿＿ him.

A.being； support B.is； to support C.has been； supporting D.be； supported

14.Does the way you thought of＿＿＿the water clean make any sense?

A.making B.to make C.how to make D.having made

15.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours＿＿in my study. A.locking

B.locked C.to lock D.being locked

16.You will find the word “psychology” ＿＿＿＿under “P” in your dictionary.

A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing

17.Sandy could do nothing but ＿＿＿to his mother that he was wrong.

A.admitting B.admits C.admit D.to admit

18.When I caught him cheating me, I stopped ＿＿things in his shop.

A.buying B.buy C.to buy D.bought

19.A doctor can expect＿＿＿at any hour of the day or night.

A.calling B.to call C.being called D.to be called

20.Nearly every great building in Beijing was built＿ south.

A.to face B.facing C.to have faced D.being facing

21.With his son＿＿＿, the old man felt unhappy.

A.to be disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.to disappoint

22.It was＿＿＿＿computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.

A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played

23.And there, almost＿＿＿in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

A.having lost B.losing C.to be lost D.lost

24.As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate＿＿from you now and then＿＿me how everyone is getting along.

A.hearing； tell B.to hear； tell C.hearing； telling D.to hear； to tell

25.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, ＿＿＿ after 11 pm.

A.to stay out B.from staying out C.staying out D.not to stay out

26.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time＿＿＿ the last bus.

A.catching B.to catch C.having caught D.to have caught

27.＿＿to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed

28.Mike didn’t start＿＿＿＿the importance of a foreign language till he graduated from school.

A.knowing B.to know C.know D.to have known

29.—— Why was a special meeting called? —— ＿＿＿a new chairman.

A.To elect B.Electing C.Our electing D.Elected

30.—— Why did Bob weep? —— He couldn’t bear＿＿＿like that before the whole class.

A.making fun of B.being made fun of C.to be laughed at D.being made fun

31.The students expected there＿＿＿more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A.is B.to be C.being D.have been

32.I don’t mind＿＿＿by bus, but I hate＿＿in queues.

A.traveling； stand B.to travel； to stand C.traveling； to stand D.traveling； to standing

33.We are looking forward to＿＿＿the film＿＿＿＿at the Grand Cinema.

A.seeing； to show B.see； shown C.seeing； shown D.see； to show

34.At the shopping-centre,he didn’t know what＿＿and＿＿with an empty bag.

A.to buy； leave B.to be bought； left C.to buy； left D.was to buy； leave

35.The policeman put down the phone, ＿＿＿with a smile on his face.

A.satisfied B.satisfying C.to be satisfied D.having satisfied

36.＿＿＿, your composition is full of mistakes.

A.Writing carelessly B.Written carelessl C.Having written carelessly D.Being written carelessly

37.She made a candle＿＿＿us light. A.give B.gave C.to give D.given

38.—— What do you suppose made her worried? —— ＿＿＿a gold ring.

A.Lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing

39.I know it’s not important, but I can’t help ＿＿about it.

A.to think B.and think C.thinking D.being thought

40.＿＿several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.

A.Having been failed B.Having failed C.Though failed D.Because of failure

41.＿＿＿all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.

A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow

42.——Who are you going to have＿＿this letter for you? —— My secretary.

A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing

43.The food＿＿＿at the moment is for the dinner party.

A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked

44.A kind old gentleman offered＿＿＿my bags to the taxi stand.

A.his help carried B.carrying C.me to carry D.to help me to carry

45.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had＿＿＿her children.

A.brought up B.to bring up C.bringing up D.to have brought up

46.He was＿＿＿today, but was asked to stay for＿＿＿week.

A.to have returned； another B.returning； one moreC.returned； another D.to return； other

47.—— Where should I send my form? —— The Personnel office is the place＿＿＿.

A.for sending it B.to send it toC.to send D.to send it

48.I could feel the wind＿＿on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing

C.to be blowing D.blown

49.—— Lucy, why didn’t you come last Sunday? —— I＿＿＿, but my father was in hospital.

A.would B.had C.was going to D.did

50.——What terrible weather! I simply can’t get the car＿＿＿.

— — Why not try＿＿＿＿the engine with some hot water?

A. starting； filling B. start； filling C. started; to fill D. to start; fill

答案：

1. D。本题考查独立主格结构,因为前后主语不一致,所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。It being Sunday相当于As it is Sunday。

2.B。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语, teeth 与set两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词；look这一动作是eyes所发出,所以用looking。

3.A。独立主格结构在句中作状语,因为things与consider之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词。

4.B。分词短语作状语,因为ask与句子的主语（she）之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。5.C。本题考查“（only）＋不定式”与“-ing形式”作结果状语的区别。“only＋不定式”表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接“-ing”形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。

6.B。本题考查不定式作目的状语,本题极易误选A。其实 enjoy的宾语为fishing