英语诗歌中修辞手法的艺术效果之欣赏_以_西风颂_为例_英文_

语言风格

中国校外教育教学方法

英语诗歌中修辞手法的艺术效果之欣赏

)))以5西风颂6为例

s

邢亦平

傅超波

(福建农林大学人文社会科学学院外语系)

Abstract:ThispapercentersontherhetoricaldevicesinEnglishpoems,studyingthecaseofOdetotheWestWind.Thepredominantrhetoricaldevicesdiscussedinthisclassicalpoemaredividedintothreecataloguesinthisthesis:lexicalstylisticdevices,syntacticalstylisticdevicesandphoneticstylisticdevices.Throughthea2nalysisofvariousrhetoricaldevicesinOdetotheWestWindindetai,lthethesisprobesintotheuseandimportanceofrhetoricaldevicesinEnglishpoems.FinallythethesisattemptstoputforwardbeneficialadvicetohelpappreciatetherhetoricaldevicesinEnglishpoems.KeyWords:rhetoricaldevicesEnglishpoems

1.Introduction

Poemsarehighlycondensedandusedtoconveyrichmeaninginlimitedlines,rhetoricaldevicesarefoundmostfrequentlyandmosttypicallyinpoems,asEmilyDickinsonsaid,

thepoets'workisto"tellallthetruth,buttellit

slan.t"Basedonthisunderstanding,thispaperwillfocusontheusageandim2portanceofrhetoricaldevicesinEnglishpoems,bystudyingtherhetoricalde2vicesinodetothewestwindasacase.

2.RhetoricaldevicesinEnglishpoemswithOdetotheWestWindasacasestudy

2.1LexicalStylisticDevices

AccordingtoFengCuihua,poetssometimesfinditnecessarytoclarify,qualify,oramplifyanimageorafeelingforemphasis.Atothertimes,theymaywishtosaysomethingasanafterthough,torinsertsomerandomobservationinapoem.Todothis,theymayresorttolexicalstyledevices(2004.09:45).Also,HuangZhongyingredeemthatpoetsusenumerouslexicaldevicessoastorenderanexperienceindirectlyandimaginatively(2007.06:13).

2.1.1Simile

SimilesareusedfrequentlyinOdetotheWestWind,thefollowingsaretheexamples:

/Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdeadAredriven,

likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,0

Thesimileisstrikinglysharp.Shelleyoncesaidthat/theWestWind0wastempestuouswind,whosetemperaturewasatoncemildandanimating.Natural2ly,oncethedeadleavescameacrossthehighwind,theywhirledaroundfas.tFurthermore;thewindblewinaforestatduskwiththunderandstorm.Howweirdoccasionitwouldbe!Therefore,comparing"theleavesdead"to"ghosts"thatfleefromsomethingpanicsthem,and"thewestwind"to"anenchanter",givesthereader"inwardeyes"towatchthewindscatteringleaves,andachievestheeffectthatthereaderfeelsasifheorshehadbeeninsuchascene.Thesimi2lesuggeststhatlikeasorcerermightfrightenawayspirits,thewinddrivesleav2es,whichcreatesthemightyandmajesticimageofthewestwindandthepower2lessnessofthesinisterleavesdead.

2.1.2Metaphor

Ametaphorisanotablefeatureofpoeticlanguage(JiaYanme,i2007).Accordingtoitsstructure,metaphorcanbedividedintotwocategories:thevisi2bleandtheinvisible.

Metaphoristhebasicrhetoricaldeviceinpoetry,aswellasinOdetotheWestWind.

"ThineazuresisteroftheSpringshallblowHerclarionoe'rthedreamingearth"

Beingasafigurativeformoflanguage,metaphormakeslanguagecolorful

OdetotheWestWind

andvivid(JiaYanme,i2007).Thefirstmetaphorisinvisible,whichrequiresgreatabilityonthepartofthereadertoperceivethehiddenassociationbetween"Herclarion"http://paringthesoundofspringwindtoClarion,akindofmelodioustrumpet-cal,limpliesthatthespringwindbringsjoyandexuberance;furthermore,"clarion"appliesfortheneedtowakeup"thedreamingearth"asaclear,loud,andshrilltrumpe.tThus,theimageofspringwindasanurturerandlife-giverappearssharply.

2.1.3Personification

InOdetotheWestWind,Shellypoursouthisstrongfeelingandemotionthroughdescribinganinanimatephenomenon.Thus,personificationisindispen2sablypracticed.ThemosttypicaloneisthepersonificationoftheWestWindwhichisthemostvividandintactimagewithenergeticpowerthroughoutthewholepoem.He"chariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed/thewingedseeds"(line6-7),"

dirgeofthedyingyear,towhichthisclosingnight/willbethedome

/Vaultedwithallthycongregatedmight/Ofvapors

"

ofavastsepulcher.

(line23-27),andheis"timeless,andswif,tandproud"(line56).Heisnolongeralifelessstreaminnature,butanomnipresentandomnipotentpersonwithindividuality.

Personificationisutilizedtomeettheneed,whichmakescontex,tasstatedabove,morecomprehended,

2.1.4Hyperbole

Hyperboleisafigureofspeechwhichdeliberatelyexaggeratesthetruth,of2tenusedtoexpresspeoples'strongfeelingorviolentemotionbyremarkableimagi2nationandliteraryextravagance,fortheeffectofstrongimpression,2007.08:97)asitsutilizationinOdetotheWestWind:

"fromwhosesolidatmosphere

Blackrain,andfire,andhailwillburs:tOhear!"

Inthishyperbole,thepoetusestwoadjectives"solid"and"Black"toa2chievetheeffectofexaggeration.Atmosphereissointensivethatitlookslikesol2id,andrainissoheavythatitseemsblack.Withthehyperbole,thepoetem2phasizesthehard,depressionchaoswithturbidstormandwind,sosuffocatingthatitstrikesthereaders'visionreceptorandimpressesthereaderdeeply.

2.2SyntacticalStylisticDevices

Syntacticaldevicesareforcefu.lTheyareusedtoemphasizeapoin,ttoaddclarityandcoherence,andtokeepthetrendofthoughtclear,etc.

2.2.1Parallelism

Parallelismisregularlyemployedinthelistoffacts,ideas,events,etc.,andparallelelementsmayrangefromaminimumoftwotoanynumberrequired,involvingbalancingthestructuralelementsofasentence.Veryoften,repetition

12/2009

ratherthan

tostateafactinitsrightperspective(WangYulong;ZhangYu;ZhangDeyu,

acceptableandarousesresonance.

Inaddition,

personificationmaypolishpoemswithoriginality,vividness,anddynamic.

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中国校外教育

isusedalongwithparallelismtoemphasizetheequalimportanceandweightofparallelparts,asthosebelow.

"OwildWestWind,thoubreathofAutumns'being,Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdeadAredrivenOThou,

WhochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybedThewingedseeds"