浙江大学儿科学教学题库汇总1

浙江大学儿科学

浙江大学儿科学教学网站题库汇总

05级三系2班整理

名词解释：

Underweight

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone(SIADH)

in bacterial meningitis,when hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland is involved, ADH secretion abnormal, resulting in hyponatremia, hyposmolality and aggravating brain edema, conscious disturbance and convulsion.

Severe diarrhea

diarrhea not only with severe gastrointestinal symptoms but also with dehydration, electrolyte-acid-base imbalance and systemic toxic symptom, most frequently caused by intra-intestinal infection.

Secretory diarrhea

Severe pneumonia

pneumonia with not only severe respiratory symptoms, but also systemic toxic symptoms and disturbance in other systems, such as brain edema, respiratory failure, heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and acidosis.

Stunting

height be lower than normal mean height-for-age minus two standard deviations, the same sex (moderate: mean -3SD< height <mean -2SD, severe: height < mean -3SD). This index indicate that the child has chronic malnutrition.

Small for gestational age

the new born with the birth weight lower than the 10th percentile of the birth weight of the newborns with the same gestational age.

Large for gestational age

the newborn with the birth weight higher than the 90th percentile of the birth weight of the newborns with the same gestational age.

Physiological anemia

In infants 2-3 months after birth, the RBC decrease to 3×1012 /L and the Hb decrease to 110 g/L as a result of the decreased level of EPO, the increase of circulation volume and the physiological hemolysis. The process is self- limited. It usually has no clinical manifestations and will recover within 6 months.

Postterm infant

those born after 42wk of gestation, calculated from the mother’s first day of last menstrual period, regardless of weight at birth.

Premature (preterm infant)

liveborn infant delivered before 37 wk from the first day of the last menstrual period.

Physiological hemolysis

Normal newborns have higher hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and a shortened survival period of the fetal RBCs to the development of physiologic anemia.

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis

the major type of pulmonary tuberculosis developed in children during initial infection. Two clinical types: primary complex and hilar lymph node tuberculosis. Manifestation: irritative cough, nonproductive cough, wheezing and mild dyspnea. Its prognosis includes improve or dissolve (completely resolution, induration, calcification ), local progress and exacerbation.

Primary complex

a clinical type of primary pulmonary tuberculosis with thecharacter of initial focus, lymphangitis and lymphadenitis. Its prognosis includes improve or dissolve(completely resolution, induration, calcification ), local progress and exacerbation. Physiological Jaundice

1. Appear within 24 hrs after birth

2. level of Bili. >13-15mg/dl (term>13, preterm>15) or Bili increase＞5mg/dl/day

3. Increased conjugated Bili. >2mg/dl

4. Last longer , >2 weeks in term or >4 weeks in preterm

5. Bili. Increase progressively or Jaundice reappear after disappearing just one of the above five can make the diagnosis of pathological jaundice.

Physiological loss of body weight the body weight of the infant declines to the lowest point 5-6 days after delivery resulting from the fluid loss after birth. The body weight of the infant will recover to the birth weight 7-10 days later.

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome

The nephrotic syndrome is defined by a consultation of clinical and laboratory findings that includes

severe proteinuria (>50mg/kg/24h) （1分）,

hypoalbuminemia(<30g/L) （1分）,

hyperlipidemia (cholesterol>5.72mmol/L) （1分）

edema（1分）.

浙江大学儿科学

Neutral Thermal Environment (neutral temperature)

the ambient temperature at which oxygen consumption and energy expenditure of the infant are at a minimum to maintain vital activities. For term infant with coating it is 24℃

Eisenmenger syndrome

Those patients with left-to-right shunts (ASD.VSD.PDA) whose shunts have became partially or totally right-to-left as a result of the development of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

When hematopoietic demand increases after birth, especially in the infant period, the liver, spleen and lymph nodes come back to the status to produce blood cells, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenectasis appears, and there are immature erythrocytes and granulocytets in circulating blood. It is the specific phenomena only appearing in infant and toddler. It will recover to normal when infection and anemia are cured.

Differential cyanosis

cyanosis occurs in the lower but not the upper extremities(there could be mild cyanosis in the left arm), resulting from pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunt in PDA.

DiGeorge Syndrom

DiGeorge Syndrom is the classic example of T-cell deficiency（1分） that is the result of dysmorphogenesis of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches(0.5分). It is classically characterizd by abnormal facies, thymic hypopiasia, hypocalcemia,cardiac anomalies and palate（2.5分）.

Osmotic diarrhea

Osmotic diarrhea is caused by the presence of nonabsorbed solute in the GI tract. The solute may be one that is normally not well absorbed or one that is not well absorbed because of a disorder of the small bowel. This form of diarrhea is usually of lesser volume than a secretory diarrhea and stops with fasting

Bronchiolitis

infection of the bronchiole, mainly …… 此处隐藏：30101字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……