Grammar

在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动 词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致, 这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可 归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑 意义一致和就近一致原则。

(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语

在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词 短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语 为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:His father is working on the farm.

To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.

The children were in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意: 由what引导的主语从句,后面 的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但 若表语是复数或what从句是一个带 有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓 语动词用复数形式。 如:What I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

is 1).To hold the Olympic Games____ a rich prize for a country. (be) is 2). Choosing what to eat ___ no longer as easy as it once was.3) What we need ismore time . 由what, who, why, how, whether等引导的主语 从句，谓语动词通常用单数，(但所指的具体内 容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式. What we need are teachers.)

2、由连接词and或both … and连接起 来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓 语动词。 如:Lucy and Lily are twins.

She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或 物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 如:The writer and artist has come.

② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no, each, every, more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room..

No boy and no girl likes it.

语法一致原则

(1) He and I _____both students of this school. are 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 (2) Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. (be)and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时 候,谓语动词用复数。

The singer and dancer ____(be) on the stage. is

Attention: 由and连接的两个并列主语指同一个人 或物，谓语动词用单数，这时后面的名 词没有冠词。 is visiting our 1).The worker and writer ______ school today.( visit ) 2).The worker and the writer have come to _________ the meeting . (have come / has come )

The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?

A knife and fork

is

used to have meals.

3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式; 若主语为复数,谓语

用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

was 1. The teacher with two students ______ at the meeting . (was / were) A 2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play1)2)

A library with five thousand books was ____(be) offered to the nation as a gift.

knows Nobody but Jane ________(know) the secret.

4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都 作单数看待。 如:Each of us has a new book.

Everything around us is matter.

由each, every, no, many a所修饰的名词， 即使用 and连接作主语，谓语动词一般用单 数。

A e.g. Each man and woman ______ the same rights. A. has B. have C. had D. is having has Many a person read the novel. (have)

注意:① 在口语中当neither后跟有“of+复数 名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复 数。 如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓 语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它 的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 如:None of us has (have) been to America.