新人教版选修七 Unit 2 Robots-Learning about language[课件]

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Learning about language

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Look at the sentences.My mother felt alarmed when I had my

hair coloured purple.My mother was alarmed when I had my

hair coloured purple.Is this a passive sentence?

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Key!

Though the structure seems like apassive sentence, it is not. A passive

sentence indicates a passive actionwhile this sentence describes a situation when someone has the feeling of alarm. “alarmed” is an adjective formed by V + ed.

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不定式的基本形式 主动 被动to be done/

一般式进行式 完成式

to doto be doing

to have done to have been done done

完成进行式 to have been /

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Discovering useful structures Go over the passive voice 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表 示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式 的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中 作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、 作状语。

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不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分 1. It’s an honour to be invited to the ceremony. 作主语 2. She didn’t like to be treated as a child. 作宾语 3. His dream was to be admitted to a good 作表语 university. 4. There are a lot of things to be discussed. 作定语 5. She was sent there to be trained for the 作状语 space flight.

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注意： 1) 感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的 主动形式要省去to,但在变成被动语 态 后 需 要 加 上 to 。 能 这 样 用 的 动 词 有:make, have, let, see, hear, notice, listen to, watch等。如： We often see him act like that. = He is often seen to act like that. 我们常常看到他这样做。

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2) 在can’t help but, have nothing to do but结构中，介词but后的不定式省去 to。如： I can’t help (but) suspect his motive. 我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

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3) 在动词want, hope, manage, offer, promise, pretend, agree, expect等之后， 用不定式作宾语；另外在动词tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, forget等后，常用一个 带连接代词/副词的不定式作宾语。如： We must decide whether to go or stay. 我们得决定去还是留。

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不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义 1. 不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现 在不定式前面，只能用主动形式；若 在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语，则 用不定的被动形式。如： Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的主语为句子的主语you,其 逻辑宾语为anything。) 你今天要洗什么吗？

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Do you have anything to be washed? (to be washed不是you做，而是由“我” 或其他人来做) 你有什么要其他人洗的吗？

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2. 在There be/ seem…+主语+to do表示存 在的句型中的不定式，一般用主动形 式表示被动意义(也就是说，我们可 能会见到被动形式，但主动形式要好 得多)。 There’s not enough food to eat. (The food is eaten.) 没有足够的食物吃。

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There’s no chair to sit on. (The chair is sat on.) 没有椅子坐。 但在下列句子中，

只能用主动形式。如： There’s not enough food for us to eat. 我们没有足够的食物吃。

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3. 在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不 定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义， 其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如： The work is impossible to finish in two days. (The work is finished.) 工作不可能两天之内完成。 English is not so easy to learn. (English is learnt.) 英语并不好学。

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4. 在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备， 受批评” 用be to blame;“(东西等) 出租”用to let。如： He is to blame for what he has done. 他应为他所做的受责备。 The house is to let. 房子要出租。

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5. 假如不定式所表示的动词，在谓语所 表示的动词(或状态)之前发生，该 不定式要用完成式。如： I’m glad to have seen your mother. =I’m glad that I have seen your mother. 很高兴见过你母亲。