语言学试题与答案(7)

胡壮麟

35. Polysemy: Polysemy refers to the fact that the same one word may have more than

one meaning.

36. Homonymy: Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different

meanings have the same form, i.e. different words are identical in sound or

spelling, or in both.

37. Homophones: When two words are identical in sound, they are called

homophones.

38. Homographs: When two words are identical in spelling, they are homographs.

39. Complete homonyms: When two words are identical in both sound and spelling,

they are called complete homonyms.

40. Hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more

inclusive word and a more specific word.

41. Antonymy: Antonymy refers to the relation of oppositeness of meaning.

42. Componential analysis: Componential analysis is a way to analyze word meaning.

It was proposed by structural semanticists. The approach is based on the belief

that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components, which are called semantic features.

43. The grammatical meaning: The grammatical meaning of a sentence refers to its

grammaticality, i.e. its grammatical well-formedness. The grammaticality of a

sentence is governed by the grammatical rules of the language.

44. Predication: The predication is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.

45. Argument: An argument is a logical participant in a predication. It is generally

identical with the nominal element (s) in a sentence.

46. Predicate: A predicate is something that is said about an argument or it states the

logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence.