Occupational health and safety and environmental management(5)

企业环境管理

A.Honkasalo/EnvironmentalScience&Policy3(2000)39±4543

toAnthropologist,socialtherolethatdi erentDouglasrisks(1985),hashaspaidattentionmunityorganisations.Hermainthesisintheisthatfunctioningeverycom-ofmologyhasthewhichitsowncontainspicturedescriptionoftheworld,itsowncos-isacceptable.dangerous,evil.Di erentcommunitieschooseofwhatthetheygoodthinkandganisationruledandThis®lthytoisdoneordirty,helpthetoaidandwhatisgoodandworldinthebecomefunctionanofor-monnately,imagebytheonthoseofmembersofthegroupconcerned.Aentitycom-whomdangeryoucandounitenotcommunities.agreewiththeUnfortu-handled,howthegoat.

aresignsleftofoutdangerandcanshouldevenbebecomeinterpretedgroupascape-andinternationalTheprecautionaryprincipleistheforcropfacingtoup,thenrisksenvironmentalitandisbetteruncertainties.policythatmainhasstrategydevelopedofinmanyaspectsIfuncertainandpreparefactorsaryfacechangeprinciplethemostshouldseriouscertainlyalternatives.beTheprecaution-blems,otherwisetoo.issues.However,thisprincipleappliedhasitstoownclimatepro-impossible.theItdevelopmentcannotbeappliedofsocietiestoallsimplyrisks,becausesmall,impactspreventionItisobviousmaythatiftheimpactsbecomesareverytransportationthemselves.Atsomecausepoint,moreforharmexample,thanthethelutionInandaccidentsrelatedthantorecyclingissavedcancausemorepol-totheenvironmentaltheworstallocationcasetheprecautionaryreusingprinciplethecanwaste.leadsionrisksofwhichfundsforaretheunderpreventionextensiveofsucheveninthemedia,butwhichareofonlyveryminordiscus-orwell-beingnoimportancetothestateofenvironmentorsocialItis,ofpeople.

tionfactorsthus,whichimportantcancausethatthosein¯uencepsychologicalonriskandmentalaretakenmanagementandintooccupationalaccountwhilepercep-healthintroducingandenviron-siblere¯ectiveforbuildingsystems,wayanalyseuppreventionandthatthosewhoarerespon-safetytheirownrisktargetsperceptions.caninaself-2.4.system

RoleofemployeeparticipationinmanagementniesInenvironmentalmanagementsystemsthecompa-ofcommitsthemselvestothecontinuedimprovementmustenvironmentalcommitment.analyzehowperformance.Thus,thecompanymentThebesttoptomanagement'screatepreconditionsstrongcommit-forthisestvisits),intothethetargetsenvironmentalandgoals,anditsvisibleinter-tivatingareperhapstheperformancemostimportantlevelsfactors(i.e.byinmo-sitenewresponsibilitiespersonneltoandchangeundertaketheirnewworkinitiatives.habits,carrysystemThebuildingcase,isalwaysupaoflearningenvironmentalprocess.Inmanagementcreativeenvironmentalinsightsapproachthatprotectiongivescanfunctiontheasbestaductsintothedevelopmentpossibilitiesthe®rmwhollyofitspro-new1998).agersAtandleast,manufacturingitcanhelpprocessesbothproduction(Honkasalo,man-blindnessandworkandworkersgetridtoavoidofsocalledworkplacebene®troutinesmentfromandeasysolutions.rigidandTogetold-fashionedthewholemustsystems,thisthesidetrainingoftheprogramsenvironmentalconnectedmanage-toimportantThebeintroductorycarefullyplannedphasecanandactuallycarrieditfunctionout.

partindustrytoit.trainingforthepersonnel,iftheycanastakeaninterviewedgaveFinnishmanyenvironmentalexamplesofthis,managerswhentheyofforestmentalmanagementandaskedsystemsabout(Leskinen,thebene®tsofenviron-weretalBothshouldmanagementtheEMASsystemschemedemandandISO1998).

that14001environmen-employeebegiventoworkers,buttheyadequatedonottrainingdemandtheappropriateneedtoparticipation.activeinvolvementIntheofnewemployees,EMAS-regulation,includingtenttraining,isstressed,butnoconcreteself-regulationManagementisgiventoit.

con-alsoissystemgivencantoworkingbebuildgroups,upsothatlargeThebecreatedinacentralisedandauthoritarianbutitway.canimprovementtopmanagementmustcommittocontinuoustheofenvironmentalperformance,andinde®nedmanagementISOegationstandardinaclearsystemandway,theEMASbuttheotherwiseresponsibilitiesmustbeleftopen,itishowboththeinthearranged.ofportantHowever,worktasksinoccupationalanddecisionmakingdel-areandemployeesaccordinglythatworkerscanin¯uencethemattersentireitprocess,isim-workingsrightsthereandexistpossibilitieslegalobligationstotakepartthatinde®nethetriesTheResponsibleofmanagementcareprogramsystems.

ofChemicalindustryHowever,toimproveReportaccordingthedialoguetotheResponsiblewithallitsstakeholders.localwithResponsible1998,allemployeescarearenotfullyCareinvolvedStatusinaccordingthemandtheirrepresentativesactivities.Thiswillatnationalbeaddressedlevel(ICCA,tonationalregulationsandlocalcustomsworkerTrade1999).

edinTheytheargue®eldofthatenvironmen-andco-operationmanagementofthework-forcerequiresinthedesigningcon®dencesuccessfulpro-