Occupational health and safety and environmental management(2)

企业环境管理

40A.Honkasalo/EnvironmentalScience&Policy3(2000)39±45

19.9.19995443inEurope3004EMAS-registrationsandvironmentalFromISO-certi®cations.

theviewpointofinteresting1998).asmanagementenvironmentalself-regulationsystemspolicy,en-methodsare(Honkasalo,particularlyplaytalself-regulationOthermethodscharacteristics,ofenvironmentalbutinprotectionenvironmen-dis-ablemanagementcantochoosethesystemsmethodstheoperatorsarenotonlycommitmentalsode®nethetargets.Thetoachieveonlyrequirementthetargets,butoflised,environmentaltocontinuousprotection.improvementisaTarget-settingofthelevelincludeThethusISOtargetsrisks.prevention14001canstandardchangeduringtheprocess.

isdecentra-ofoccupationalandthesafetyEMASanddohealthnot(BEC,Thiscan,1996).hasOccupationalbeenconsideredhealthoneoftheirweaknessesmanagementhowever,assystems,easilybeandsafetymattersalthoughintegratedintoenvironmentalsafetyapartofthese.Byintegratingtheyenvironmentalcannotbecerti®edandEspeciallymattersmanagementinthenoisecompanycontrol,canchemicalgetsynergyadvances.pationalnectedandandenvironmentalpreventionindustrialsafety,wastefactorsareaccidents,occu-canversa.

learntoeachfromother.environmentalThus,healthprotectionandsafetycloselyandexpertscon-viceincludesTheResponsiblecareprogramofchemicalindustryandniessafetybothmatters.environmentalResponsibleandcareoccupationalprovidescompa-healthsetexternalobjectives.withtoolstoEnrolmentevaluatetheirownperformanceandbindsaudits,butthesignatureisvoluntaryofthewithoutmanagementanyandcompaniescodesthecompanyofpracticetoandimplementtotheguidingprinciplessafetyManycompanies(ICCA,1999).

worktogetherwithotherarealsointegratingoccupationalitytemssystems.andenvironmentalstructureandthusThebasicthereapproachmanagementarealsoisintotheirqual-similaritiessameintheseintheirsys-inInternationalandwaysoffunctioning.

and1996standardhealthdiscussionsStandardisationmattersforaboutOrganisationarrangedthethesameneedkindtoofdevelopsafetyThesecountriesdiscussionsasISO14001suchdonotseehaveismanagementthatshownforenvironmentalmatters.thereyetthatexistsmostaofthenewastandard.Inaddition,industryisafraidneedofforthepresentscostsTradetothatsmallitcan®rmsinvolveandspecialdi cultiesitplementationunionsalsoresistmeetingthis.Theysucharenewafraidchallenges.thatmanagementmakestandardofanoccupationalcanleadtohealthandsafetyim-weaker.theandculturalAlso,enforcementreasonsithasofoccupationalderegulationsafetylawsandoccupationaloftenarguedlawsthatdi erforhistoricalsomuch

incommondi erentinternationalcountriesthatitisimpossibletocreateastandardsTheworkcountries.has,todevelopstandard.

however,occupationalhealthandsafetypationalTheBritishStandard,alreadyGuidebeguntoinOccu-many8800,an1996)HealthillustratesandSafetythepossibilitiesManagementforSystemsbuilding(BSagementoccupationalbasedstandardonsystemsafetyISO14001ofitsmanagementownorasasystempartofasaasystemman-upsiteshasbeentranslatedstandard.InintoFinland,FinnishtheBS8800(Rissa,were1999).

certi®edaccordingtoitinMarchand®rsts1998vironmentalInthefollowing,tionscausetooccupationalmanagementwewillconsiderthosepartsofen-healthsystemsmatterswhichandhavewhichconnec-mightanalysedproblemsandhandled.

forthelatter,iftheyarenotcarefully2.Buildingupthemanagementsystem

agementAcompanystartstobuildanpersonvironmentalorsystemgroupbymakinginternalenvironmentalaudits.Anexpertman-wereimpactsauditsposedandbyevaluatesasiteandsigni®canten-ganisationtakentoreducethem.Theoperationstheofactionstheor-responsibilityareenvironmentalandalsootheraudited,ingthattheseprimarilyresultsin¯uenceacom-thenbuilditsupenvironmentalitsactualpolicyandprogram.forvironmentalpublication,systemanddrawupanenvironmentalenvironmentalstatementmanage-vironmentalaspectscontainingofthesiteadescriptionandtheoftheen-theIntheISO-systemprinciplesitandisprogram.

company'sen-obligatoryabody,moreenvironmentalpolicy.AcompanycantopublishalsopublishonlyISO-standard,calleddetailedaveri®erenvironmentalinEMAS-schemereport.andAnaccreditedthecompanymeetsmakesaexternalauditandcheckscerti®erthatintoThetopmanagementtherequirementsofthecompanyofthemustsystem.andthealsotargetsprinciplesandgoalsoftheenvironmentalcommitpolicyfunctionsfollowauditsstartandupofthecorrectiveespeciallytoseeenvironmentalhowprogram.Itmustactions,inviewtheiftheseofmanagementtheareresultssystemnecessary.ofthe2.1.Evaluationofenvironmentalimpacts

sionsAcompanyformulateandsigni®cantshouldenvironmentalhaveknowledgeaboutitsemis-grammelatemoreforadequateenvironmentalimpactspolicyinandorderpro-toanditsmoreactivities.environmentalIndustrialimpactscompaniesbycalcu-using