独立主格结构和 with / without复合结构

一．独立主格结构

1.概念:

状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。

2.结构:

名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 。

这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、条

件、方式或伴随情况。

Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词)

当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。

1.This problem settled, they left the meeting – room.

2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot.

3.He was lying on the grass, his hands

crossed under his head.

(Ⅱ)名词/代词 + (being) 形容词

1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.

2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold.

(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词

He put on his socks， wrong side out.

Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式

1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)

A. follows B. followed

C. to follow D. being followed

2. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out.

Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语

在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语

中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯

不用冠词。

1.Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand.

2.Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushed

to the top of the mountain.

(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅

在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语

的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在

“being+过去分词”或“there being＋

过去分词”结构中，being不可省。

1.Breakfast (being) over, he went to school.

2.There being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room.

3.The room being painted now, we can't go there.

二．With和without复合结构

with和without复合结构是: with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。

Ⅰ）with/without＋名词／代词＋现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。

I couldn`t finish my work with those children __.

A. playing around B. plays around

C. played around D. to play around

(Ⅱ) with/without 名词／代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。

In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention __ on a book.

A. fixing B. fixes

C. fixed D. to fix

(Ⅲ) with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。 With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled B. settling

C. to settle D. being settled

(Ⅳ)with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词。

She sleeps with the window open.

(Ⅴ) with/without+名词／代词＋副词。

__ production up by 60%, the

company has had another excellent year.

A. As B. For C. With D. Through

(Ⅵ) with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语。

1.He sleeps with a book in his hand.

2. A girl with a necklace around her

neck got on the bus.

三．with和without复合结构

与独立主格结构的转化

Ⅰ） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句

中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从

句或并列句。

（１）作时间状语

With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow

and some birds fly south.

=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and

some birds fly south.

= When winter comes on, the trees

turn yellow and some birds fly south.

（２）作原因状语

With the key lost, she could not enter the room.

=The key lost, she could not enter the room.

=As/Because the key had been lost,

she could not enter the room.

(3)作条件状语

With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.

=Time permitting, we`ll visit the

Summer Palace.

=If time permits, we`ll visit the

Summer Palace.

(4)作伴随状语

Here are the first three volumes with

the fourth one to come out next month.

=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.

=Here are the first three volumes and the

fourth one is coming out next month.

(Ⅱ) with和without复合结构可以作 后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结

构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。

Soon she arrived at a park with

grass green and flowers in blossom.

=Soon she arrived at a park whose

grass was green and whose flowers

were in blossom.

巩固练习

1.__ ten minutes __ before the last train

left, we arrived at the station.

A. There were; to go B. With; to go

C. I was; left D. It had; left

2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __.

A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain

C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars

3.__ the lights off, we could not go on with the

work.

A. Until B. As C. With D. Because

4.It was a pity that the great writer die …… 此处隐藏：5498字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……