1 第6节

时态与语态

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2016·高考全国甲卷改编)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.

2．(2017·福建质检)Medicine should (keep)in drawers children can't reach, and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.

3．(2017·河南郑州二检)This opening led to a cave, so the historians decided to have a look around it. The walls of the cave (cover) with ancient art.

4．(2017·广东五校协作体一次联考)So far efforts by individual countries (do) little to control the spread of terrorism.

5．Sally (take) some courses at university, so she can't work fulltime at the moment.

6．(2017·河北石家庄调研)In US high school, everything

(record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations.

7．Lincoln said ，“Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I (spend) the first four hours sharpening the axe(斧头)．”

8．I (wear) glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them. They make me look like a bookworm.

9．To our great relief, the exam turned out to be not so difficult as we (imagine)．

10．Larry's parents made up their mind that they (buy) a new house once their little daughter changed a job.

答案及解析：

1．解析：is 。考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是

可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important thi ngs until tomorrow”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且由often 可知，应用一般现在时。故填is 。

2．解析：be kept 。考查被动语态。句子主语Medicine 与keep 构成动宾关系，且情态

动词后要接动词原形。故用被动语态be kept 。

3．解析：were covered 。考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析该句结构可知，主

语The walls of the cave 和动词cover 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；且此处表示过去的状况，主语为复数。故填were covered 。

4．解析：have done。考查现在完成时。根据So far可知，应用现在完成时；主语为efforts。故填have done。

5．解析：is taking。考查现在进行时。句意：Sally在大学修着一些课程，所以目前不能全职工作。根据句意以及时间状语at the moment可知，这里应该用现在进行时，强调动作正在进行。

6．解析：is recorded。考查一般现在时的被动语态。everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一般性的描述。故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded。

7．解析：will spend。考查一般将来时。林肯说：“给我六个小时去砍倒一棵树，那么我会用头四个小时去磨斧子。”“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”是固定句式，陈述句中用一般将来时。

8．解析：have been wearing。考查现在完成进行时。句意：从小学起我一直戴着眼镜，我讨厌它们。它们让我看起来像个书呆子一样。根据句意及since引导的时间状语从句可知，这里强调动作发生在过去，而且一直延续到现在并且对现在有影响，所以用现在完成进行时。

9．解析：had imagined。考查过去完成时。句意：令我们宽慰的是，考试没有我们想象的那么难。从动作先后可知，as从句中的动作先于主句的动作发生，属于过去的过去，所以这里要使用过去完成时。

10．解析：would buy。考查过去将来时。句意：Larry的父母下定决心一旦他们的小女儿换了工作，他们将买座新房子。在that引导的宾语从句中，once引导条件状语从句，状语从句用一般过去时表过去将来，故空处用过去将来时。

Ⅱ.语法填空

If you don't mind 1. (pay) for a plane ticket to go to one of the greatest party cities in the world, then Prague may be 2.

excellent choice for you. In 3. (real), the most expensive thing you'll have to pay for will be that ticket. Once you get there, you

4. (find) an affordable hotel room easily with breakfast

5. (include)．

Prague is a city where the beer is 6. (simple) cheaper than water. There you can taste 7. (fantasy) beers at very low prices and taste them to the fullest on the street or in a club.8.

(be) you a fan of Irish music, you might visit Rock and Reilly's Irish Pub.

There is enough room to get your groove (音乐节奏) on, as the people are always 9. a good mood. You'll be singing until you have no voice anymore, and have great quality drinks at a low cost. You don't need to book an accommodation

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near the center, as there is a subway train which will take you 10. you want to go in a matter of minutes.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上最棒的聚会城市之一——布拉格。

1．解析：paying。考查非谓语动词。如果你不介意买张机票去世界上最大的聚会城市之一的话，那么布拉格可能会是一个绝佳的选择。动词mind后要接动名词作宾语，mind doing sth.“介意做某事”。故填paying。

2．解析：an。考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且excellent的读音以元音音素开头。故填不定冠词an。

3．解析：reality。考查名词。事实上，你将不得不买的最贵的东西将会是那张机票。in reality是固定搭配，意为“事实上，实际上”。

4．解析：will find。考查时态。一到达那里，你就会很容易找到一个你负担得起的、提供早餐的酒店房间。Once引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表将来，主句要用一般将来时。

5．解析：included。考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构，其中breakfast与动词include之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。

6．解析：simply。考查副词。布拉格简直是一个啤酒比水还便宜的城市。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词比较级cheaper，故要用副词 simply“确实，简直”。

7．解析：fantastic。考查形容词。在那里你能以非常低的价格品尝到极好的啤酒。空处修饰名词beers，故用形容词fantastic“极好的”。

8．解析：Were。考查虚拟语气。如果你喜欢爱尔兰音乐，那你可以去Rock and Reilly's Irish Pub。根据语境及句子结构可知应填Were。本句是虚拟条件句。其中，if从句用了省略形式，补充完整为：If you were a fan of Irish music。

9．解析：in。考查介词。固定短语in a good mood意为“心情好”。故填in。

10．解析：wherever/where。考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是一个地点状语从句，且此处指的是“因为有地铁会带你在几分钟内到达你想要去的(任何)地方”。故填wherever/where。

Ⅲ.单句改错

1．(2016·高考全国乙卷改编)Every day the chef makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.

2．(2017·湖南东部六校联考)Angela woke up early every morning to study a bit before class.

3．The door can't be shut，so take all your valuable things with you.

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4．Even if it rained, the football match will take place without delay next week.

5．(2017·四川南充模拟)Caroline is the very person who give me a hand when necessary.

6．This is the second time that I visited the famous national park.

7．(2017·山西四校三次联考)Instead of punishing me that day, my parents just hoped that I will never make such a foolish mistake again.

8．(2017·山东潍坊期末)Just then, a car stopped on the right side, and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.

9．(2017·广西毕业班测试)Unfortunately, when my husband went downstairs, he found the machine broke.

10．Just now, Joanna is about to open the door for her son when the telephone rang.

答案及解析：

1．解析：using改为used。考查被动语态。fresh vegetables和high quality oil 与use之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。

2．解析：woke改为wakes。考查一般现在时和主谓一致。由every morning可知，应用一般现在时；结合主语Angela可知，应用第三人称单数形式。

3．解析：删除be。考查动词的语态。表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词，如lock，shut，open，sell，cut等，应用主动形式表被动意义。

4．解析：rained改为rains。考查一般现在时表将来。主句是一般将来时，让步状语从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故应改为rains。

5．解析：give改为gives。考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据“Caroline is the very pe rson”可知，此处应用一般现在时，定语从句的先行词为person。故用gives。

6．解析：I后加have。考查现在完成时。在“This/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that ...”句式中，that从句的谓语动词应用现在完成时。

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7．解析：will改为would。考查一般过去时。由that day及主句的一般过去时可知，宾语从句也应用一般过去时。故将will改为would。

8．解析：删除was。考查动词语态。根据语境可知，句子主语the driver和谓语动词offered构成逻辑上的主谓关系。故删除was。

9．解析：broke改为broken。考查过去分词用作形容词，作宾补。

10．解析：is改为was。考查过去将来时。句意：刚才，乔安娜准备去给她的儿子开门时电话响了。由rang和Just now可知，主句谓语动词动作为从过去某一点时间看将要发生的动作，故应用过去将来时。

Ⅳ.短文改错

In the past，we usually go shopping in stores，supermarkets and malls.And nowadays，shopping online has become an important part of many people's life.

According to a study on online shopping in China, the number of online shopping in China has already come 2.67 billion，only second to that in America. It is show that most of them are people aged from 18 to 35. Besides, many women than men prefer online shopping.

There are various reason for people's preference for online shopping. First of all, it's advantage is to spare much time and trouble in shopping outside. In an addition, various goods attract people, especial young people who are more particular about styles and fashions. Last but not least, online shopping has a greater advantage in price, which can attracted online shoppers.

答案：

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