英汉翻译lecture 1 Introduction to Translation

A Coursebook on Pragmatic Translation 英汉— 英汉— 汉英应用翻译综合教程授课人：贺鸿莉 授课人：

Lecture 1 Introduction to Translation

I. What is Translation? 1. A story of translation in Bible Long long ago, all the people speak the same language . When they transferred to the east, they found a plain and then lived there. They decided to build a tall tower, so that it can stretch to the heaven and they can live in the heaven. When Jesus saw this, he was afraid that if all the people speak the same language, they can do everything they want. So Jusus went down from the heaven and confused their languages so they couldn’t couldn’ communicate with each other and they didn’t finish the didn’ Bable Tower. Since then, people lived in different places and spoke different languages. Hence comes the translation.

《圣经》中的创世纪载有这样一则故事： 圣经》中的创世纪载有这样一则故事： 洪水消落以后，诺亚的子孙在地球上繁衍生息， 洪水消落以后，诺亚的子孙在地球上繁衍生息，分住在 不同的部落。当时天下人操同一口音，讲同一种语言。 不同的部落。当时天下人操同一口音，讲同一种语言。 他们往东迁移的时候，在示拿发现一片平原， 他们往东迁移的时候，在示拿发现一片平原，便在平原 上居住下来。他们商量烧制砖块，合上灰泥， 上居住下来。他们商量烧制砖块，合上灰泥，修建一座 城池和一座高塔，塔顶要通天，以便扬名天下， 城池和一座高塔，塔顶要通天，以便扬名天下，不致分 散居住在地上。 散居住在地上。 这时，耶和华临界，看见人们正在修建通天塔。 这时，耶和华临界，看见人们正在修建通天塔。耶和华 这些人若讲一种语言，凡事便可心想事成， 想：这些人若讲一种语言，凡事便可心想事成，无可不 为了。耶和华便下界，弄乱了人们的语言， 为了。耶和华便下界，弄乱了人们的语言，让他们言语 不通，交际受阻，同心也无法同力；于是， 不通，交际受阻，同心也无法同力；于是，通天塔也就 半途而废。人们只得按耶和平共处的意愿， 半途而废。人们只得按耶和平共处的意愿，离开这座城 分散到世界各地，讲着各自的语言。 池，分散到世界各地，讲着各自的语言。 从此以后，世界上的语言五花八门。 从此以后，世界上的语言五花八门。语言的隔阂阻碍着 人类交往，阻碍着文化交流也阻碍着文明的发展。 人类交往，阻碍着文化交流也阻碍着文明的发展。但亘 古以来，人类从未停止沟通语言和交流文化的活动， 古以来，人类从未停止沟通语言和交流文化的活动，这 活动便是翻译。 活动便是翻译。

2. Some Definitions of Translation:(翻译的定 Translation:( :(翻译的

定 义和内涵) 义和内涵) 中文的“翻译”一词词义丰富， 中文的“翻译”一词词义丰富，可表达四种不同 的含义： 的含义： Translating 翻译过程 A translation 译作 Translation 翻译(包括翻译过程和该过程的产 翻译( 品) Translator 译者

What is translation? A bookish man tends to resort to the definitions found in the dictionaries. He then would believe that translation means: Changing (speech or writing) from one language into another. (Longman Dictionary of (Longman Contemporary English); Giving the meaning of (sth said or written) in another language. (The Advanced Learner’s (The Learner’ Dictionary of Current English); Expressing in another language, systematically, retaining the original sense. (Amercian Heritage (Amercian Dictionary).

All these definitions are simple and straightforward and they do help us understand translation in some sense. But we can never start any scientific research just with such simple and general definitions. A translator is always puzzled over such questions as: Must his translation give the words or the ideas of the original? Should his translation reflect the style of the original or that of his own? Should his translation read like an original or a translation? Whether or not his translation may add to or omit from the original? The above questions cannot be solved with the general definition and so we are supposed to gain an insight into translation itself. A historical view of translation may perhaps, help us see both sides of the coin.

2.1 Definitions of Translation a. Translation is an art; b. Translation is a science; c. T ranslation is a craft; e. Translation is a language activity; f. Translation is communicating; etc.

Some Quotations From Different Sources:

(1) Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). ---J.C. ---J.C. Catford (2)Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent in the source language, first in terms of meaning, secondly in terms of style. ---E.A.Nida ---E.A.Nida (3) 凡是翻译必须兼顾两方面，一是力求易解， 凡是翻译必须兼顾两方面，一是力求易解， 二是保持原作的风姿。 二是保持原作的风姿。 ---鲁迅 ---鲁迅

2.2 Some metaphors of translation A Translator is like a match-maker. matchA Translator is like a servant. A Translation is like a parrot. Translation is dancing with fetters Translation is just like marriage (the mutual compromise and convergence ) Translation is like a woman (beautiful but not sincere, sincere but not beautiful )

II.Types of Translation (翻译的类别) 翻译的类别) 既然翻译的性质可从不同的角度来定义， 既然翻译的性质可从不同的角度来定义，那么同 样翻译的种类也可从不同的视角来分类。一般 …… 此处隐藏：5700字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……