城市道路环境下驾驶人应激响应时间特性研究

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U46

10710-2009122075

硕 士 学 位 论 文

城市道路环境下驾驶人应激响应时间特性研究

于鹏程

导师姓名职称

申请学位级别

论文提交日期

学位授予单位 工学硕士 付 锐 教授 学科专业名称 载运工具运用工程 2012年6月8日 2012年5月8日 论文答辩日期 长安大学

Research on the Time Characteristics of Drivers’ Stress

Response under the Urban Road Environment

A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master

Candidate：Yu Pengcheng

Supervisor：Prof. Fu Rui

Chang’an University, Xi’an, China

摘 要

目前由于驾驶人原因而引发的交通事故占道路交通事故总数的90%以上，在所有直接影响交通安全的驾驶人品质中，驾驶人对危险情况的反应能力是主要因素之一。因此，对驾驶人在应激状态下的反应行为进行深入细致的研究和分析，可以为探求减少因驾驶人原因而引发的交通事故的有效途径以及从驾驶人方面提高道路交通的安全性和可靠性提供理论基础。

本文在总结国内外关于驾驶人应激响应行为的研究成果的基础上，对驾驶人应激响应行为的特性与影响因素展开了分析，并提出将感知时间、判断决策时间和操作时间作为应激响应的表征指标。

根据城市环境的交通特点以及主要的事故形态，设计了驾驶人应激响应行为的仿真试验。采用眼动仪、应激响应模拟仿真系统等仪器采集驾驶人在不同应激场景下的眼动与操作数据。

通过处理分析驾驶人的眼动、操作等数据，探索研究了驾驶人在应激状态下的感知、判断决策、操作和感知-制动反应时间分别与驾驶经验、年龄以及车速之间的关系。在此基础上进一步建立了感知、判断决策、操作和感知-制动反应时间与驾驶经验、年龄、车速之间的多元线性回归模型，并进行了预测验证。

研究结果表明：

1.试验样本中，熟练驾驶人的平均感知时间短，更容易发现危险信号；在避险时因考虑的因素更为全面，操作更为从容，因此平均判断决策时间和平均操作时间要稍长于非熟练驾驶人。

2.试验样本中，青年驾驶人的平均感知时间最长，而平均判断决策时间和平均操作时间均短于中青年和中年驾驶人。

3.试验样本中，驾驶人的感知时间与车速呈指数函数分布，而判断决策时间和操作时间分别呈复合函数和对数函数分布。

4. 驾驶经验、年龄和车速这三个因素与驾驶人的感知、判断决策、操作以及感知-制动反应时间均呈线性关系，多元线性回归模型能够很好的对上述各阶段的反应时间进行预测。

关键词：驾驶人，应激响应，时间特性，建模

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Abstract

At present, driver’ fault is the main cause of accidents. Among all of the drivers’ quality directly impacting on traffic safety, drivers’ response capability to dangerous situations is one of the most important factors. Therefore, conducting a thorough and meticulous research on the drivers’ response behavior to emergency situation would help to provide theoretical basis for exploring effective ways to reduce the traffic accidents caused by drivers and improving the safety and reliability of the road traffic.

Based on summarizing the research results on the drivers’ response behavior to emergency situation at home and abroad, combined with the analysis of characteristics and influence factors of driver’s stress response, define the perception time, decision-making time and the operating time as the indexes of drivers’ stress response.

According to the traffic characteristics and accident forms under urban traffic environment, the traffic simulation test of the drivers’ response behavior to emergency situation is designed. Drivers’ eye movement data and driving operating data in different dangerous scenes are collected by using the eye tracker and stress response simulation system.

After dealing with the drivers’ eye movement data and driving operating data, the relationship between perception time, decision-making time, operating time, perception-brake reaction time and the driving experience, age, speed is respectively researched. On this basis, the multiple linear regression models between perception time, decision-making time, operating time, perception-brake reaction time and the driving experience, age, speed are created and verified.

The research results are shown as follows:

1. The perception time of experienced drivers is shorter which shows they are easier to detect danger signals. For more comprehensive considerations and calmer operation when avoiding the danger, the decision-making time and operation time of experienced drivers are slightly longer than inexperienced drivers.

2. The perception time of young drivers is the longest, but the decision-making time and operation time are shorter than young-middle-aged and middle-aged drivers.

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3. The relationship between the speed and drivers’ perception time, decision-making time and operation time respectively is exponential, composite and logarithmic distribution.

4. Drivers’ perception time, decision-making time, operation time and perception-brake time all have linear relationship with the influence factors –driving experience, age and speed. The multiple linear regression models can predict the various stages of reaction time mentioned above very well.

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