grammar infinitive 动词不定式详解

To have an ice cream is cool.

主语

动 词 不 定 式 的 句 法 功 能

I want to see you this evening. All you should do now is to remember today’s lesson. I want a pen to write with. He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework.

宾语

表语 定语 状语 宾补

一.结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态

一般式 进行式完成式

to do to be doing

to be done----------

完成进行式

to have been to have done done to have been ---------doing

一、不定式作主语To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well . 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置.

二、不定式作表语My job is Your task is

to help the patient. to clean the classroo

(1)、-ing形式与不定式的区别 不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、 未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的 (泛指的)动作或一件已知的事或经验。Getting up early is a good habit. To finish the work in a week is impossible.

三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语： hope wish want agree promise 三个希望两答应 demand ask refuse 两个要求莫拒绝 manage learn decide 做到学会作决定 pretend choose 不要假装在选择 fail dare offer help没敢提出来帮助

2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有： resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ;mind、 imagine、 practise、 suggest、appreciate.

抗议推迟盼喜报， 心想练成荐欣赏Bear them in your mind!

几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事... forget to do sth. 忘记要做... doing sth. 忘记做过了... remember to do sth. 记得去做... doing sth. 记得曾经做.. try to do sth 努力做某事 doing sth 试着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 doing sth.. 意味着做某事

四、不带to的不定式作宾补

一感: feellet

二听

listen tohear watch see notice observe

三 使

make have

四看

I saw him go upstairs. 上述词若用在被动语态中，必须把to加上。He was seen to go upstairs.

注意区别：eg. I saw him cooking supper.V-ing form强调动作正在进行

It is true—I saw Henry cook supper.do 原形 强调动作的全过程

I saw supper cooked when I got home.Done 过去分词强调动作已被完成

> 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep.

五、不定式作定语 Hey, everybody, I have something to say _______ (say). something, anything, nothing, everything

等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。

He has a l

ot of homework to do.

He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.

(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词。) to write with Please give me a pen __________.

doing, to be done, being done, done 作定语时的

区别 The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirt.

doing, 进行，主动The building to be built next week is a hospital.

to be done, 将来，被动The building being built now is our stadium.

being done, 进行，被动The building built last year is our dining hall.

done, 完成，被动

六、不定式作状语

to find He surfs the Internet _________ (find) some information. the news. (目的状语) They were very excited to hear (原因状语) He hurried to the school only to find nobody there. (结果状语)

注意: 动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting.她为自己曾去过那里感到自豪。

She is proud to have been there.

七、独立结构To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth

八、不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.--- Would you like to go with me ? --- I’d like to .

(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.--- Would you like to be a teacher? --- I’d like to be.

Use your head!

1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing 2. Robert is said ___ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying

3. In Australia he made a lot of friends ______a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got 4. They are considering ____ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house