中考英语阅读理解方法讲解与试题汇编(附答案(10)

大意题常常针对文章的细节和特定信息的理解。主旨大意题常常针对文章的主题，作者的意图、文章或段落的中心思想进行提问，这类题也叫做归纳概括题。 主旨句技巧：

不同的体裁的文章，其表达中心思想方式也不尽相同。新闻报道类往往用一句来概括全篇的内容，然后再进行详细叙述，因此，新闻报道的首句通常就是其中心的内容；说明文或议论文往往用主题句来体现文章或段落的中心，主题句有时出现在段首，有时出现在段尾，有时隐含于整个文章（段落）中间，当然有时也可能没有主题句，同学们需要注意上下文联系，细心体会；叙事性的文章往往没有主题句，需要弄清文章的线索脉络，读懂故事的结局，才能体会作者的用意，进而概括出文章所表达的中心思想。

全文中心大意

【例题一】

The ―halo effect‖ is a classic finding social psychology. It is the idea that general evaluations(评价) about a person (e.g. she is likeable) influence judgments about their specific traits(品质)(e.g. she is intelligent). Hollywood stars give the perfect example. Because they are often attractive and likeable, we naturally consider they are also intelligent, friendly and so on. That is, sometimes, not true.

In the 1970s, well-known social psychologist Richard Nisbett set out to prove the fact that we actually pay little attention to our thought processes in general, especially to the halo effect.

Nisbett wanted to examine the way students made judgments about teachers. They had been divided into two groups to watch two different videos of the same teacher, who happened to have a strong Indian accent. One group watched the teacher answer a series of questions in an extremely warm and friendly manner. The second group saw exactly the same person answer exactly the same questions in a cold and distant manner. In one the teacher appeared to like teaching and students, and in the other he came across as someone powerful who didn’t like teaching at all.

After each group of students watched the videos they were asked to evaluate the teacher on physical appearance, mannerisms and even his accent (mannerisms were kept the same across both videos). The same as the hale effect infers, students who saw the ―warm‖ one evaluated him more attractive, his mannerisms more likeable and even his accent as more