肿瘤表观遗传学

Epigenetics in cancer

肿

瘤

世界癌症现状1 肺癌 7 食道癌 2 乳腺癌

全球 (2010年)809 万人死亡

Cancer6 宫颈癌 5 肝癌 4 胃癌

3 结肠癌

1303 万新发病例

中国癌症现状8 鼻咽癌1 肺癌 2 肝癌

中国(2010)7 乳腺癌

Cancer4 食道癌

3 胃癌

197 万人死亡268 万新发病例

6 宫颈癌

5 结肠癌

What causes cancer?

Carcinogenesis. Some factors to consider… Heredity Immunity Chemical Physical Viral Bacterial Lifestyle

Heredity Genes isolated for several classic familial cancer syndromes:– RB1 (retinoblastoma) – APC (familial polyposis)

– Human Non Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC)– BRCA 1&2 (breast cancer) – p53 (many cancers)

抑癌基因p53

Colleen A. Brady and Laura D. Attardi, p53 at a glance,Journal of Cell Science, 2010, 123: 2527-2532

Exposure to carcinogens, failure of DNA repair, and progressive genetic instability lead to accumulation of mutations that drive cancer development, growth, and metastases. Subclones with new mutations may become dominant within metastases or within persistent or recurrent cancer deposits through selective pressures exerted by cytotoxic or targeted chemotherapies.

Cancer Epigenetics Since the discovery of the fi rst recurrent mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, it has been clear that cancer is, in large part, a genetic disease. Global changes in the epigenetic landscape are a hallmark of cancer.

What is Epigentics ?

遗传学 genetics

基因组印迹 源自双亲的两个等位 基因中一个不表达或表 达很弱。 不遵循孟德尔定律

同卵双胞胎