高中英语语法讲解不定式(5)

高中英语语法讲解不定式

He expected each of his students to be working hard for the coming exam.

2．主格词 + 不定式

当上一种结构变为被动语态时，就出现了此种结构，此结构中，不定式都要带to，主格

词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在句中作主语补足语。

They are allowed to go. ← We allowed them to go.

He was seen to enter the store. ← I saw him enter the store.

3．for + 宾格词 + 不定式

此结构中，宾格词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构在句中可作：

1） 主语 It is difficult for us to learn a second foreign language.

2）宾语 I consider it necessary for her to learn French.

3）表语 The best thing is for us to make our own decision.

4）定语 There is a lot of work for us to do.

5）状语 He opened the door for the car to enter.

The book is too easy for them to read.

4．with/without + 宾格词 + 不定式

此结构在句中常作原因状语，宾格词是不定式的逻辑宾语。

With so much work to do, I shall not be able to watch the match with you.

Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.

5．疑问词 + 不定式 此结构相当于名词词组，在句中可作：

1） 主语 When to visit that farm has not been decided yet.

2） 宾语 We must know how to operate this machine.

3） 表语 The problem now is how to collect enough money.

4） 同位语 The problem what to do next is unknown.

注意 intend, plan, hope, expect, mean, promise, want, think, wish, were (was), would like, should like + 不定式完成式，可表过去没有实现的愿望，期待和计划。

He intended to have come. = He intended to come, but he didn’t.

She wished to have bought a car. = She wished to buy a car, but she didn’t. I meant to have called on you, but I was too busy.

She hoped to have passed the exam. (but she didn’t)

I would like to have gone abroad. (but I didn’t)

D

不定式的否定式

通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。

I told him not to touch the equipment. You must promise never to do that again.

E特殊动词不定式的“省略与保留”

一、不定式符号的省略与保留

1. 在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than, cannot but, why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:

You’d better tell her the truth. 你最好告诉她真相。

2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。如:

What do you like to do besides swim?

除了游泳,你还喜欢干什么?

My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.

妈妈只好等着医生的到来。