高中英语语法讲解不定式(3)

高中英语语法讲解不定式

The girl decided to do it herself.

*注意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有

stop go on remember forget

regret try mean can’t help

be used to

四． 动词不定式做定语

1．. 不定式作定语需要后置。

2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着两种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词

是不定式的逻辑主语 （逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）

1）不定式前的名词是它的逻辑主语。

He is the doctor to do the operation.

2) 不定式和它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

I have a lot of things to do.

3）不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象。

This is the right time to start.

注意．如果不定式所修饰的词是way 或 place, 介词可省略。

He has no way to go (by). This is the best place to work (at)

五．宾语补足语

He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street.

[注1] 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有

see, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, make, let等。

I felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that?

但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。

He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.

Someone was heard to come up the stairs.

[注2] 1.谓语动词help后可接带to或不带to的不定式作宾补。用不带to的不定式表示

帮助者直接参与动作；用带to的不定式表示主语没有直接参与动作。

They helped me carry the boxes.

This kind of soap will help you to wash the clothes more easily.

2.在美式英语或非正式文体中，help后用作宾补的不定式均不带to。

3.help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。

They helped (to) carry the furniture upstairs.

[注3]look at及listen to后用作宾补的不定式不带to（这主要是美式英语）。

We have been listening to the radio tell a long story.

六 ．表语补足语 当不定式与主语存在逻辑上动宾关系的时候，用主动表被动。

That is hard to say. The chair is comfortable to sit in.

七． 不定式做状语

不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、 条件等。

1、表目的 e.g. To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best (主语一致) He came here to attend an important meeting.

He came here in order to see Charlie.

I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him