从句类型-名词性从句

从句的类型 与 分析

Ⅰ. 三大类从句 1.名词性从句 2.形容词性从句(定语从句) 3.副词性从句(状语从句) Ⅱ.名词性从句 1.主语从句 2.宾语从句 3.表语从句 4.同位语从句

Ⅰ名词性从句 名词从句，顾名思义，起着名词的作用，因此，在句 中可充当主语、宾语、表语、和同位语等成分。名词 从句，按其不同的成分作用，又可分为主语从句、宾 语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的 词可分为三类： ⑴连词that:没有词义，在句中不担任语义成分。 ⑵wh-疑问词，在句中担任一个语义成分。这些词包 括who, whom, what, which, when, how和why. 它们 通常称为关系代词和关系副词。Whether和if 也属于 这一类，但它们在句中也不担任词义成分。 ⑶名词性关系词：这一类词没有疑问词义，它本身是 先行词与另一个关系代词或关系副词的结合。这些词 包括名词性关系代词、名词性关系副词。 名词性关系代词有： What = the things which/that Whatever= anything that Who= the person who

Whoever= anyone who Whom= the person whom Which= the one that Whichever= anything that 名词性关系副词有： When = the time when Where =the place where How = the way that Why=the reason why

1.主语从句 主语从句 (subject clause)可以由连词 that, wh-疑问词或名 词性关系词引导。 ⑴连词 that 引导 由连词that 引导的主语从句可以置于句首。但常见的形式是主 语从句放在句末，作逻辑主语：句首用引导词it 作形式主语， 这样句子结构更为紧凑。

Examples: That all livings are composed of cells is known to all. It is believed that the formation of the sun, the planets and other stars began with the condensation of a gas cloud. It is remarkable that a table spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon. 用形式主语it 的主语从句常见结构有： It is a fact ( a good thing, good new, ect.) that… It is clear (necessary, important, possible, remarkable, etc.) that… It is well-known (reported, recorded, noted, estimated, ect.) that… It must be pointed out that… It has been found that… It turns out that… It has been proved that… It can be seen that…

此外，当全句是一般疑问句时，也多用it 做形式主语， 如： Is it possible that he will come today? ⑵. wh-疑问词引导 由wh-疑问词引导的名词从句既可以前置，又可以借 助于先行词it 而后置。 Examples: How the prisoner escaped is a mystery. It depends on many factors whether infection occurs or not. It remains unknown who will come to the meeting. 由 whether 引导的名词从句既可位

于句首，又可位于 句后；而由if 引导的从句只能位于主句后。 Whether he will come is uncertain. / it is uncertain whether / if he will come.

⑶. 名词性关系词引导 由名词性关系词引导的主语从句一般位于句首， Examples; What is written in the book should be tested in practice. What impressed me most is not what he did, but how he did it. Whatever brings about happiness has utility, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism. Excises: 用主语从句翻译下列句子。 ① 难的是一辈子做好事，不做坏事。 ② 理论必须密切联系实际是我们应当经常记住的一条原则。 ③ 据说如果交通运输技术也像计算机那样飞速发展的话，今天 人们跨越大西洋就只需几秒钟了。 ④ 确实，自从八十年代以来我们的总体生活水平提高了很多， 我们可以夸耀我们在物质方面取得的进步。

2.宾语从句起宾语作用的名词性从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句通常由连词 that, wh-疑问词与名词性关系词引导。宾语从句一般置于谓语动词后，但 也可作某些介词与某些具有动作意义的形容如afraid, sure, aware, certain等的宾语。⑴ 由连词 that 引导的宾语从句在动词believed, think, know, say, suppose等 后面时，连词that 可以省略。

Example: We know foreign languages are useful tools in research work. 在带有宾语补足语的句子中，往往用it 作形式宾语，而将that-从句 置于句末作逻辑宾语，表达具体内容。 Examples: We have made it clear that prevention is better than cure. We consider it necessary that theory should be combined with practice. 此外，在由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词后也用先行代词it作形 式宾语，后接由that 引导的宾语从句。 Examples: We will answer for it that the product is of extra superior quality. You may depend on it that she is qualified for the task.

⑵. 由wh-疑问词引导 Examples: Most people know what it is like to have their blood pressure taken, but few people understand the meaning of the numbers used to record blood pressure. Progress depends primarily on whether the individual makes the effort. 注意: whether, if 都可以引导宾语从句，二者的区别在于： whether 引导的宾语从句可以做介词宾语，而if则不能。 Examples: It depends on whether he comes. I worry about whether I hurt his feelings. ⑶.由名词性关系词引导 Examples: You can choose whichever book you like here. They should enjoy complete freedom to live with whomever they desire to.

⑷.跟在介词后面的宾语从句 Examples: The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made of. Physiology is the science of how the

body functions or works. 介词后面的宾语从句一般不跟that 引导的宾语从句。在英语中，只有五 个介词后 …… 此处隐藏：3942字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……