The art of public speaking

The art of public speaking

An Introduction to

THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING1

The art of public speaking

OutlineWhat is public speaking? History of public speaking Stage fright 7 basic elements of communication process Common structure of a speech Types of speeches Informative speech 2

The art of public speaking

Public Speaking

a vital means of communication a way of making your ideas public – of sharing them with other people and of influencing other peoplethe art, process, or act of effectively addressing the public to inform, persuade or entertain them3

The art of public speaking

History of Public Speaking

Aristotle: Father of rhetoric(修辞学/辨术) The practice of public speaking to attain a goal by using persuasive tacticsIt was not until the 5th century BC that roots of rhetoric were planted for it to become an art form by teachers, called Sophists (wisdom bearer智者/诡辩家)4

The art of public speaking

According to Aristotle

Evidence in persuasive messages is most effective in the source’s– ethos艺术作品中的客观因素: credibility – pathos激起怜悯的因素: emotional appeal – logos理念,理性: logical appeal

The art of public speaking

2 of the most notable rhetoricians of ancient Rome

Cicero(西塞罗)(106-432BC): believed that a well rounded education in the liberal arts would enable speakers to speak with knowledge and expressivenessQuintilian(昆提利安)(35-95 AD): was interested in preparing orators who spoke eloquently, exhibiting good moral character and ethics

The art of public speaking

Modern famous speakersFranklin Roosevelt Martin Luther King Margaret Thatcher Nelson Mandela … etc. Video: Great moments from famous speakers

The art of public speaking

Similarities Between Public Speaking and ConversationOrganizing thoughts logically Tailoring the message to the audience Telling a story for maximum impact Adapting to listener feedback

The art of public speaking

Differences Between Public Speaking and ConversationPublic speaking is more highly structured Public speaking requires more formal language Public speaking requires a different method of delivery

The art of public speaking

Stage Fright

Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience Fear of public speaking and fear of death rank #1 in most surveys asking people of their fear

The art of public speaking

What Causes Stage Fright?inadequate preparation fear of being judged unfamiliarity with the audience or the environment lack of knowledge about public speaking feelings of inadequacy fear of the unknown negative past experiences 11

The art of public speaking

Important Understandings About Stage Fright

It is normal. Almost everyone experiences some nervousness about speaking in some situations. It is mostly internal. You will usually feel more nervous than you look. Or mental stress.12

The art of public speaking

Important Understandings About Stage Fright

Anxiety can be useful. Your nervousness can create a heightened state of readiness, allowing you to perform better than you might otherwise.It can be managed. While you may never eliminate the n

ervousness you feel, you can deal with it and deliver a successful speech in spite of it.13

The art of public speaking

Reducing Speech Anxiety

Know your audience Select an appropriate topic Re-create the speech environment when you rehearse Know your introduction and conclusion Be organized Use visual aids14

The art of public speaking

Reducing Speech AnxietyAcquire speaking experience Think positively Use the power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Don’t expect perfection Prepare, prepare, prepare

The art of public speaking

Video: Carly Fiorina and HP

The art of public speaking

Source (Speaker): transmits ideas of information to the receiver Message: the information or ideas conveyed to the receiver Channel: the means by which the message is sent to the receiver Receiver (Audience): whom the message is sent 17

7 Basic Elements of Communication Process

The art of public speaking

Feedback: verbal and nonverbal response to a message Noise: the interference or barriers during the transmittal of a message Context: time, space, occasion, and the environment of a speech

The art of public speaking

Welcome the audience Introduce the subject Explain the structure of your speech Present the subject itself Summarize your speech Thank the audience Invite questions

Common Structure of a Speech

The art of public speaking

Types of SpeechesInformative speech: speech to educate an audience about a topic Persuasive speech: speech that attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs or values of an audience Speaking on special occasions: introduction, presentation, acceptance, etc.

The art of public speaking

Speaking to InformA speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.