天然湿地水质净化研究进展(8)

自然湿地 水质净化 氮磷等去除机制

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地理科学进展28卷

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ProgressontheStudyofWaterPurificationAbilityofNaturalWetlands

YAOXin1,2,3,YANGGuishan1,3

(1.NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,CAS,Nanjing210008,China;

2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049，China;3.StateKeyLaboratoryofLakeScience

andEnvironment,NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,CAS,Nanjing210008,China)

Abstract：Asthekidneyoftheearth,naturalwetlandsplayanimportantroleinwaterpurification,andguaranteeahealthydrinkingwatersupplyforruralareas.Asaresult,utilizingnaturalwet-landsformitigatingnon-pointsourcewaterpollutionhasattractedmoreandmoreworldwideat-tentioninthepastdecades.Themechanismsoftheretentionofnitrogenandphosphorus,bothofwhichareconsideredsubstantialtowatereutrophication,aremainlyduetothecooperativefunc-tionsofwetlandsediment,plantsandmicrobes.Thedetailedprocessesofpollutantremovalin-volvesedimentation,dissolution,biologicaladsorption,andbiochemicalreactionsmediatedbymi-crobes,suchasnitrification,denitrification,etc.Thewaterpurifyingefficienciesofnaturalwet-landshavegreatdifferencesbetweeneachother,byreasonofthedifferentwetlandcharacteristics,whichincludewetlandarea,wetlandspatialstructure,wetlandlocation,loadingtimeofwaterpu-rifying,precipitationandtemperature,etc.However,resultsdrawnbydifferentscientistsfromre-searchworkatdifferentwetlandsvariedbetweeneachother.Naturalwetlandshavemanytypes,threeofwhich,namedriparianwetlands,riverwetlandsandpeatlands,havebeenmostwidelyusedinwaterpurification.Thereasonisthat:first,theyarethemostwidelydistributedwetlandsaroundtheworld;second,theysatisfiedthedemandforsocio-economicdevelopment.Eachtypeofthethreehadrespectiveresearchprogressinbothmechanismsandapplicationsofpollutantre-moval,andtheprogressinonetypeusuallydifferedquitealotfromthatoftheothers,asaresultofdifferentresearchhistoriesandvariedcharacteristicsofsub-disciplines.

Thepotentialaspectstobeattachedimportanceinthefutureoftheresearchonnaturalwet-landpurificationabilityareasfollows:thephysicalandchemicalprocessesinwetlandsboundaryandtheirimpactsonwaterpurificationability;restorationofdegradedwetlandsandtherecoveryoftheirwaterpurificationability;continuableprogrammingofwetlandwaterpurifyingoncatch-mentandofdrivennaturalandhumanfactors.：；；