高考英语试题中的状语从句分析

高考英语试题中的状语从句分析

湖北省应城市杨岭高中 杨柳 刘艺平

每年高考英语试题中包含有很多状语从句，对于状语从句的分析和理解是我们高三总复习的一个重点之一。英语状语从句分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。统计近五年的高考英语试题及各地的模拟试题可以看出，每套试题平均有：时间状语从句9个，条件状语从句6个，让步状语从句5个，原因和地点状语从句各3个，目的状语结果状语和比较状语从句各2个。同时试题的设问程度出现交叉和综合的特点。四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质的关联词，如as可以引导时间、原因、让步三种不同性质的状语从句，while可以引导时间状语从句也可作并列连词使用，相当于but表转则关系，if可以引导条件状语从句和宾语从句，whether可以引导主语从句和宾语从句等等。干扰项还从定语从句或名词性从句进行干扰。下面就高考英语试题或高考英语模拟试题中所出现的状语从句进行分析

状语从句概述

（一） 时间状语从句

1．when, while和as

1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，如：

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.

When the film ended, the people went back.

当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引出的省略句来代替when引出的从句。如：As a young man (=When he was a young man ), he was fond of hunting.

2）while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句一般用进行时，如：Please do not talk so loud while others are working. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.

3) as 引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生，如：

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

John sings as he works

4) when还可用作并列连词使用，其意义是“那时、这时”，相当于and this/that time. 常用于下列句式：

Somebody was doing something when

Somebody was about to /going to do something when

Somebody had just done something when

此外when还表示原因 “既然”，如：

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

5) while作为并列连词使用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：

He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.

6) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while ,as. 可互换使用。如：

When/While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

2. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner than , hardly/scarcely when , once

这些从属连词或副词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一 就 ”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 如：

Once you remember it, you will never forget it.

The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

还要注意no sooner than , hardly/scarcely when 这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner 与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner 和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

3 till, until和not until

1） 肯定句：主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词，主句从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一

直延续到某时间才停止”。如：

He remained there until she arrived. 他一直留到她来

You may stay here until the rain stops 你在这里呆到雨停

2） 否定句：主句谓语动词必需是非延续性动词，从句是肯定式，意为“某动作直到某

时间才开始”。如： He will not go to bed till (until) she returns.

3） Till不可以放在句首，而until可以放在句首。如：

Until you told me I had no idea of it

4) not until句型中的强调和倒装说法：

It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it (强调句型)

Not until you told me did I have any idea of it(not until（置于句首主句要倒装）

4． Before 和since

1) 若表达还未“ 就 ”，“不到 就 ”，“ 才 ”，“ 趁，还没来得

及”时，需用连词before. 如：

We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land

我们航行了四天才看到陆地

We had not run a mile before he felt tired 我们跑了不到一英里他就累了

Please write it down before you forget it 趁你现在还没忘记把他它记下来

Before I could get in a word, he had measured me

我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸

before从句中谓语一般不用否定形式，又如：

Before they reached the station, the train had gone

他们到火车站前，火车已开走了。

2）It will be +一段时间+before somebody does, “多久之后才 ”，如：

It will be half a year before I come back. 一年以后我才回家。