英国文学史复习资料(14)

prose 散文

1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope. 强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。

The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.

启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。

The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.

启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善，而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。

Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.

无论怎样讲究理性，社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在，理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。

2、18th century 文学的三个方面：

Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)

3、代表人物：

1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说

Novel：《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记 《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德 《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯

2)、Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁 father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)

《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯 受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发

作家之间的不同：Richardson —— no humor, minces words, moralizes. 不幽默，咬文嚼字，说教

Fielding —— direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity，full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙，甚至有点俗,精神焕发，讲述流浪者的故事。

《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事 the best novel of him

3)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特

《Gulliver‘s Travels》格列佛游记 novel 反讽

作品特点：no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift‘s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him.

努不动颜，骂不扬声，语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。

《A Modest Proposal》一个温和的建议

4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森

《Pamela》帕美勒 The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法

In the form of letters 书信体小说

5)、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德.B.谢尔丹

《School for Scandal》造谣学校，喜剧 comedy

6)、Oliver Goldsmith‘s 奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯 散文作家 essayist