高考英语语法正反解读专题十四 正反解读主谓一

时间:2025-04-30

正反解读语法,有助于考生更好地掌握

专题十四 正反解读主谓一致与数词

正反解读语法,有助于考生更好地掌握

专题十四 │ 正面解读 正面解读

主谓一致 在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数 保持一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中 在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。 一、使用复数谓语动词的情况 1. 由and, both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数 形式。如: Both the teacher and the students are working hard.

正反解读语法,有助于考生更好地掌握

专题十四 │ 正面解读

但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同 一概念,且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时;另外, and连接的两个名词前有each,every等修饰语时,谓语 动词用单数。如: The knife and fork lies on the table. 2. “the+形容词或过去分词”指一类人时,谓语动词用 复数形式。如: The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. 3. the people/cattle/police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形 式。如: After hearing the news, the people present were all crying.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读二、使用单数谓语动词的情况 1. 单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词,如 something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时,谓语动词用 单数形式。如: Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. 2. 不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形 式。如: Looking after the baby is my job. 3. 学科名词,以-s结尾的单数名词,以-s结尾的书名、报 纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 如:Physics is hard to study.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读

4. 单数名词+ with, along with,together with,as well as,rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。 如: Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读

三、使用就近原则的情况 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如: Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball, otherwise they would take part in the basketball match. 四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况 若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若侧重于个体, 谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:class, family, population, committee等。如: The whole family are farmers.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读

五、几个具体情况 1. none作主语时,谓语动词多用复数形式,也可用单数 形式。如: None of this money is yours. None of these suggestions are very helpful. 2.a number of+复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式,the number of+复数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。如: A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends.

The number of students in my class is 63.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读

3. one of+复数名词,后面跟定语从句时,谓语动词用复 数形式,即与复数名词一致;the (only) one of+复数名 词,谓语动词用单数形式,即与the (only) one一致。如: He is one of the students who are against the plan. The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom. 4.“some+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; some+单数名词作主语时,some意为“某个”,谓语 动词用单数形式。如: Some student is on duty today. Some students in my class are very lazy.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读5. trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式,但a pair of…的结构作主语时,谓语 动词用单数形式。如: This pair of glasses is expensive. 6.单复数同形的名词作主语。 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时,应根据其表达的意 义来决定谓语动词的单复数,常见的这类名词有works(工 厂),police(警察),sheep(绵羊),deer(鹿),fish(鱼), means(方法),species(种类),Chinese(中国人), Japanese(日本人);Swiss(瑞士人);series(系列)等。如: Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

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专题十四 │ 正面解读

7. what /whoever /which引导的主语从句充当主语时, 有时要看what /whoever /which所指代的词的意义来决定 谓语动词的数。如: What he said is true. What we need are more volunteers. 8. “分数(百分数)+of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词的 形式要根据名词确定。如: One-third of us are boys. Two-fifths of water is clear.

正反解读语法,有助于考生更好地掌握

专题十四 │ 正面解读

9. “more than one /many a +单数名词”作主语时, 尽管其意义复数,但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但 “more than + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。 数词 数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要 注意下面问题: 1. 基数词的意义:表示事物数量的多少,特别是 hundred,thousand,million等,前面若有基数词或某些 表示数量的形容词时,它们只能用单数。

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