the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of ―expatriates‖ or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semipoverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.

3、Modernism现代主义：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary. Strictly, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.

4、现代主义的标志：T. S. Eliot’s ―The Waste Land‖, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.

5、典型的迷惘一代：F. Scott Fitzgerald, ―The Great Gatsby‖ 《了不起的盖茨比》 novel

Ernest Hemingway ―The Sun Also Rises‖《太阳照样升起》 ―A Farwell to Arms‖《告别了，武器》

William Faulkner ―The Sound and the Fury‖ 《喧嚣与骚动》

6、Playwrights戏剧、剧作家：Eugene O’Neill ―The Emperor Jones‖《琼斯国王》、―Anna Christie‖《安娜.克里斯蒂》、―The Hairy Ape‖《毛猿》 二、代表作家：

2、Robert Frost 罗伯特.弗洛斯特 自然主义诗人 poet

①诗歌特点和内容：(1)rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead ―the old-fashioned way to be new.‖ He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.

(2)He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol.

(3)His concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties, and his poetry, for all its apparent simplicity, often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed.

②he become a national bard美国民族诗人的翘首, win four Pulitzer Prizes获得了四次普利兹奖.

③―The Road Not Taken‖、―Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening‖向往大自然，想逃避社会；死亡、迷惑

3、Wallace Stevens 华莱士.斯蒂文斯 诗人

①His work is primarily motivated by the belief that ―ideas of order,‖ that is ,true ideas, correspond with an innate order in nature and universe, and that it is the high privilege of individuals and mankind to discover this correspondence. 作品动机起源于秩序理念，他的秩序就是真理，就是自然与宇宙天然一致的次序，是人类与个体发现这种一致性的特权。 ②代表作：―The Man with the Blue Guitar‖《带蓝吉他的人》；

―Necessary Angel‖《必要的天使》，collection of his occasional lectures on poetry诗歌的评论.

―Anecdote of the Jar‖《坛子的轶事》jar – man made – art, wildness – nature, jar bring order/meaning to the nature, 艺术到自然的秩序， integrated 统一体

③特点：(1)he adopted a variety of experimental styles, created poetic surfaces of Frenchified elegance, exotic imagery, odd sounds, curious analogies, and inscrutable titles.尝试过多种实验性的写作风格。

(2)he confronted the contemporary abandonment of traditional values and sought to come to terms with the confusions of his time. The problem of the interrelation between the ideal and the real became a constant theme in his later poetry.理想和现实中所交叉的矛盾。

(3)a series of oppositions between inner and outer worlds – between subject and object,