殖民主义时期的文学★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。

1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘

Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the Church should be restored to the ―purity‖ of the first-century Church as established by Jesus Christ Himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meant to prove that were God’s chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in heaven.

2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.

3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.

4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 理性和革命时期文学

Representatives： Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography

Prose \ essay Thomas Paine: Common Sense

Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence

Philip Freneau: poet \ journalist

启蒙运动对美国的影响 oppose coliral order and religious obscurantism. Secular education and literature → Franklin

1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.弗兰克林 ①代表作：―Poor Richard’s Almanac‖穷人理查德的年鉴 ⑦―Autobiography‖ 自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传

2、Thomas Paine 托马斯.佩因 ―Great Commoner of Mankind‖ 最平凡的人 ①famous pamphlet ―Common Sense‖ 著名的政治小册子《常识》， ②―American Crisis‖《美国危机》, signed ―Common Sense‖.署名为―常识‖。 3、Thomas Jefferson 托马斯.杰弗逊 ①drafted the Declaration of Independence. 起草了独立宣言。

4、Philip Freneau 菲利浦.弗瑞诺 poet and political journalist 诗人和政治方面的新闻记者。 ①perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-Revolutionary period.可能是革命战争后期最杰出的作家。 ②has been called the ―Father of American Poetry‖ 美国诗歌之父学习指南：

1、Theology dominated the Puritan phase of American writing. Politics was the next great subject to command the attention of the best minds.

2、Freneau was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit.